| Rape is one of the main oil plants. Rape oil, containing abundant oleic acid and linoleic acid, not containing cholesterin, is high quality edible oil. Breeding new varieties of rape is the key measure of enhancing the rape varieties product and bettering the rape varieties quality. However, the general rape breeding has a bigger segregated offsping and its efficiency is lower. The period of general rape breeding is longer. The anther culture breeding has many advantages, such as acceleratting the homozygosis of breeding material, shortting the breeding time and enhancing the selective effect.Meanwhile, the genetic diversity of the main rape varieties used in Sichuan province, China, has been analyzied. The result could show us the relative connection in varieties and could be used for selecting parents in breeding and arranging to plant adaption varieties in field.Therefore, in this paper, the rape anther culture and the genetic diversity of the rape varieties have been researched. Here are the main results.1 Studding on rape anther cultureBasing on the former studies, author have designed and practiced these tests as follows. Induction anther callus rate in different medium and in different sucrose concentration in the same medium, induction anther callus rate in different hormone concentration in the same medium, decline in induction anther callus capability in 4C for different time, the degree of showing green of callus in different hormone concentration, callus differentiation and growing plantlet rate in different hormone concentration, and plantlet growing root rate in different medium have been compared. The result showed that in the process of induction anther callus MS medium supplemented with lmg/L2,4-D 0.2mg/L6-BA and 3% sucrose appeared to be the optimum medium; The isolated buds keeping in 4癈 for twelve days remained 50% callus induction capability; In the process of callus differentiation and plantlet development MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L 6-BA 0.4 mg/L NAA and 3% sucrose appeared to be the optimum medium; The optimum medium for development of plantlet root was that the basic medium was three times as light as ordinaries and the sucrose concentration is 15g/L.2 The genotype analysis of the rape anther culture offspringSSR marker has been used to analysis the genotype of some samples that deprived from the rape anther culture offspring. The results showed that the proportion of haploid and homozygous dihaploid offspring from the pollen cell is 7%. Heterozygous dihaploid deprived from the body cell could be washed out by SSR marker analysis.3 Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Rape Varieties144 polymorphic bands were produced among 40 Rape Varieties in Sichuan basin by PCR products amplified by 148 selected SSR primers that distributing in 19 chromosomes of rape. Through clustering in Euclidiean distance on SSR primers, the clustering graph showed: In the valve 25 all of the accessions was classified two groups: Brassica napus L. and Brassica campestris L. In the valve 9.5 Brassica napus L. was classified five secondary groups: The first group included mianyou12, chuanyou16, chuanyou22, zhengao rape, chuanyou23, rongyou8, rongyou6, mianyou9 etc. The second group included youyan7, chuanyou20, zhongshuang6, mianyoull, zaxuanl etc. The third group was chuanyou17 and zhaoyoul. The forth group was chuanyoul8. The fifth group was fuyoul5. At the same time a dissimilarity matrix among varieties have been present. This supplied reference for selecting varieties in practice.In the inheritance distance-clustering graph by amplified of SSR primers and the dissimilarity matrix among varieties, it have been seen that Brassica napus L. and Brassica campestris L have longer inheritance distance. This showed the bigger difference in the inheritance background between them. The genetic resource in the Brassica napus L. and Brassica campestris L could be developed by hybridization between them. Comparing with the agricultural characters clustering graph, the inheritance distance-clustering graph...
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