| The technology of anthers culture in vitro is one of the best effective methods of modern biology breeding for plant haploid breeding. Haploid calluses are induced by anther in vitro firstly, and then produced haploid regenerate plant. This method can simplify the process of anther culture and accelerate the haploid breeding. The studies of anther culture is lacking, especially, the studies of genetic control analysis of anther culture response is less. The best condition for affecting the rate of induction of haploid embryonic callus is selected during the process of triticale anther culture by investigating the factor affected frequency of inducing callus and green plantlet . At the same time, the ploidy identification, chromosome doubling and and genetic control of anther culture response are studied during the anther culture. The main contents and results of this study are as follows:1. With 10 parents of spring triticale and F1 populations of 100 cross combinations of winter and spring triticale as material, inoculated them respectively to different mediums, the effect of culture conditions on inducing callus were studied, include different genotypes, kinds of medium ,the hormone and carbon source and the condition of culture. The results showed that genotype and medium influenced the frequency of inducing callus of winter and spring triticale significantly; in the experiment, adjusting of hormone and carbon source influence the frequency of inducing callus a certain extent, but variance analysis showed no significance. Combing with Orthogonal and green plantlet produced experiment showed it was optimal for anther culture of triticale in PⅡinduction medium with 2,4-D 2.2mg/L, KT 0.8mg/L, Suc 110g/L for 6d at 4℃and 190-2 was differentiation medium and putting callus in 4℃for 96h.2. The ploidy character of plantlets were primarily identified by observing the phenot- ypic appearance; The ploidy feature were further determined by chromosome microscopical observation. Chromosome identification showed that the number of haploid plantlets chromosome was n=21, while 2n=42 for diploid. Large numbers of plantlets of anther culture were quickly and accurately identified by this two way of identification.3. The rate of natural chromosome doubling of triticale was 12%; The rate of chromosome doubling by treated with low temperature again and again was 46.67%; It was optimal for chromosome doubling inducement by culturing the plantlet in K3 medium with colchicines at 0.025%, the rate of chromosome doubling was above 90%.4. In order to investigate the inheritance anther culture traits of triticale, Genotype differ- ence and combining ability of triticale anther culture response were studied by the way of incomplete diallel crossing, in which two high anther culture ability parents and four low anther culture ability parents were used. The result suggested that the difference between genotypes of frequency of callus and green plantlet produced in anther culture response was significant at 0.01 probability level, and the general combining ability (GCA) and special combing ability (SCA) were independent each other .On the callus induction in anther culture response of genotypes, GCA and SCA were significantly different at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level respectively. The genetic basis of anther culture response was controlled by dominance effect and additive effect , additive effect was more important than dominance effect; On the green plantlet regeneration in anther culture response of genotypes, SCA were significantly different at 0.01 probability level, but GCA were insignificantly different. The genetic basis of anther culture response was controlled by additive effect, dominance effect and epistatic effect, but non-additive effect was more important. So it was indicated that parents with high SCA could be selected to use in the triticale anther culture on the basis of the high GCA. Some parents with low callus induction rate could be improved by crossing breeding. |
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