Research On Molecular Authentication Of Trapa L. In China And Mechanism Of Anti-toxication Of Cadmium By Cerium

Trapa L., whose fruit was excavated on the Hemu site early in neolite era whose cultivating history covered at least 7000 years, is one of important domestic aquatic plants. Besides it's delicious fruit, nearly all parts of Trapa L. including stem, leaf and fruit could be used for officinal function. Recorded by "Compendium of Materia Medica". Trapa L. has its remedy function on securing innards, reposing, hearing and seeing well, lightening body and old-defended. Here, we will assess idioplasm and systematic evolution of Trapa by analyzing it's rDNA ITS sequences and investigate it's mechanism of anti-toxication of heavy metal by using rare earth element-cerium with the aim of offering academic foundation for fathering environmental pollution of Trapa L.ITS sequence is a good molecular marker of authenticating the different varieties in Trapa L. ITS sequences of 11 species in China were determined by modified method of CTAB for DNA extracting and PCR for ITS amplifying. And results showed: intraspecific substitution diversity varied wee among cultivars of T. acornis Nakano, T. bispinosa Boxb, T. bicornis Osbeck (less than 1.2%). Three authenticate genetic sites between wild and cultivars were located at 17 201 and 606. The origin of Trapa L. might be derived from one wild species by analyzing ITS sequences, which would be another evidence for the controversial theme for academy. The variety among Trapa L. in China is intraspecific. Compared with Onagrariceae, Trapaceae has more close genetic relationship with Lythraceae based on rbcL sequences.Trapa L. is also a fine environmental friendly sanctifier. Cerium is handled to Trapa with the following results: low concentration of Ce3+(0-5mg/L) could excite SOD and POD , which enhanced the ability against menace, and boost the growth of Trapa. When high concentration of Ce3+ was treated, the growth of Trapa L was restrained as heavy metal did. Adding 5mg/L Ce3+ could relieve the toxication of Cadmium to Trapa. The photosynthetic systems, protective enzyme systems were subsequently generated to protect membrane system and eliminate free radical like O2-, H2O2. Deposit of heavy metal was found in vacuolar bodies by means of electron microscopic histochemistry with most grains attached tightly by inner side of membrane and partially scattered in the cytoplast. It indicated that the procedure for Trapa to detoxicate Cadmium is to phagocytize the ion into the vacuolar bodies.