Studies On High Output And High Efficiency Techniques For The Furrow-drilling Wheat

To develop high output and high efficiency techniques for the prevailing furrow-drilling wheat, systematic studies on fertilization and planting mode were conducted in 2001-2003. The results showed:1 Compound application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer proved to be better than separate application in furrow-drilling wheat. Combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer showed an average yield superiority of 6.5% over sole application of organic fertilizer. Similarly, combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer outyielded sole application of nitrogen fertilizer by 7.8%, and combined application of phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased yield by 18.4% as compared with sole application of phosphorus fertilizer. Continuous application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer for 2 years increased yield by 9.2% .2 Balanced fertilization is the prerequisite for high yield and efficiently of furrow-drilling wheat. The optimal option for high yield and economic benefit(EB) was application of 45,000kg of organic fertilizer plus 375kg of nitrogen and 375kg of phosphorus and 150kg of potassium per hectare, with a yield and EB increase of 1,569kg and 1882.8RMB yuan respectively. As far as the output/input ration was concerned, the best treatment was application of 45,000kg of organic fertilizer plus 225kg of nitrogen and 225kg of phosphorus and 150kg of potassium per hectare(output/input ration=4.6). As a whole, application of 45,000kg of organic fertilizer plus 300kg of nitrogen and 300kg of phosphorus and 150kg of potassium per hectare was regarded as optimal.3 The soil thermal flux in furrow-drilling wheat was 48%-129% higher than that in flat-cultivation(FC) farmland wheat, increasing as widening of the ridge, whereas the transpiration thermal emanation reduced by 2%-7%, decreasing as widening of the ridge.4 In furrow-drilling wheat, notable thermal effects were recorded in furrow and ridge. The furrow may increase temperature in case of low temperature season, and may decrease temperature in case of high temperature season. The ridge may increase temperature in case of high temperature season, and may decrease temperature in case of low temperature season, with the temperature effects increase with widening of ridge. The temperature difference between day and night of the soil under furrow-drilling wheat was bigger than in the control, favoring field wheat growth, development and accumulation of dry matter.5 Furrow-drilling wheat may be favorable to raising field water use efficiency by decreasing field transpiration (0.10—0.35mm/h lower than in FC wheat),and increasing field humidity.6 As compared with(FC) wheat, the CO₂ flux in furrow-drilling wheat increased by 9%-16%, and increases with widening of the ridge, but meanwhile the absorption of photosynthesis-effective radiation exhibited a decrease trend.7 The higher yield of furrow-drilling wheat than that of FC may be ascribed to more leaf area per plant, lower speed of decline in population LAI, higher chlorophyll content and higher dry matter productivity on a per plant basis. Strong plants and high population productivity of dry matter at later stages were the main biological reasons for high yields of 20+30cm and 20+40cm furrow-drilling wheat.8 The 20+40cm furrow-drilling wheat cultivation mode was consider as most favorable for furrow-drilling wheat, facilitating intercropping while bringing high wheat yields.