Studies On The Physiological And Ecological Characteristics Of No-Tillage Cast Transplanting Rice

To comprehensively understand the physiology and ecology of no-tillage and cast transplanting rice, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of tillage patterns and nitrogen application rates on population quality and yield of cast transplanting rice, influence of tillage patterns on the tiller characteristics of cast transplanting rice, effects of different tillage patterns on root growth and standing characteristics of seeding transplanting rice during standing period, effects of soil tillage patterns on some physiological characteristics of cast transplanting rice, effects of continuous no-tillage on characteristics of physics, chemistry and biology paddy field.1 Effects of tillage patterns and nitrogen application rates on population quality and yield of cast transplanting riceNitrogen fertilization improved the rice tillering capability and leaf area index. The dry matter accumulation before and after heading, total dry mater accumulation, apparent transportation amounts and ratio of dry matte in stems and leaves, plant height, dry matter per stem-sheath, grain-leaf ratio, root activity, bleeding potential in neck of spike, productive panicle number and yield increased with nitrogen rate increase, but the seed set decreased. The grain-leaf ratio under conventional tillage was higher than that under no-tillage, but the dry matter accumulation before and after heading, total dry mater accumulation, apparent transportation amounts and ratio of dry matte in stems and leaves, plant height, drymatter per stem-sheath, root activity, bleeding potential in neck of spike and yield under no-tillage were higher than those under conventional tillage, but their differences were not significant. The grain yield was significant associated with dry matter accumulation before and after heading, total dry mater accumulation, apparent transportation amounts and ratio of dry matte in stems and leaves, dry matter per plant and leaf area.2 Influence of tillage patterns on the tiller characteristics of cast transplanting riceRice produced 8.12% more tillers and 6.40% effective tillers under no-tillage than under conventional tillage. The tiller superiority of rice under conventional tillage was mainly seen at the nodes from the third to fifth, because at these nodes rice under no-tillage had more tillers, effective tillers and more lengthy panicles than rice under conventional tillage, and their increase accounted for 75.00%, 155.56% and 150.00% increase of total tillers, effective tillers and grain yield per plant, respectively.3 Effects of different tillage patterns on root growth and standing characteristics of seeding transplanting rice during standing periodCompared with conventional tillage and cast transplanting rice (CTCTR), no-tillage and cast transplanting rice (NTCTR) indicated slower standing, its roots grew more slowly which resulted in its shorter root length and root hair zone length, less root number during former period, faster standing during later period, but the total standing time was 1 day late. However, NTCTR indicated less primary and second branches number, less root activities during seedling standing period. The experiment indicated that NTCTR had disadvantage of root growth. However, straw incorporation had a great positive effect on root growth, especially in no-tillage cast transplanting.4 Effects of different tillage patterns on the physiological mechanism of seeding transplanting riceCompared with the conventional tillage, the average contents of leaf amino acids and chlorophyll and the NR, acid invertase and neutral invertase activitiesunder no-tillage increased by 0.52%, 3.68%, 1.83%, 3.92% and 4.22%, respectively .The mean contents of soluble sugar and starch in stems and sheaths, the mean contents of leaf amino acids, soluble sugar and the average NR, GPT, acid invertase and neutral invertase activities increased by 9.43%, 1.84%, 2.11%, 1.17%, 19.27% and 27.46%, the average contents of soluble sugar and starch in stems and sheaths increased by 2.00% and 2.19%, soluble sugar and soluble...