Comprehensive Appraise On New Chinese Chestnut (Castanea Mallissima BL.) Varieties

This study regards the 18 new varieties of Chinese chestnuts which introduced as the examination material, on three different soil condition such as upland and brown soil, terraced fields and mucosity soil in the mountain fields, bottomland and sandy soil, we comprehensive appraised the 18 new varieties of Chinese chestnuts about the phenophase, growth characteristics, early period fruit characteristic, quality of nut and resist characteristic on adverse conditions etc.. We studied the Chinese chestnuts red spider hurt the different varities and the situation of output decrease using cluster analysis. Also we described and summarized the character botany, the biology speciality about some choiceness varieties which has development future. We have pertinent bring our development suggestions, the main result is as follows: 1.Through studied on the phenophase, growth characteristic, fruit characteristics, chestnut real quality and resist characteristics on adverse conditions of the 18 Chinese chestnut varieties which introduced, we screened out Hou84-3, Dal-3, Yanhong which are the varieties that suitable to extended in Tai'an and middle of Shandong Province area.These three varieties which in 3 years old have more than 1.8kg produced of average individual plant, have more than 2.5kg produced of average individual plant,they are fertility and constant-rate of production. Single nut weight is more than 8.5g. The integration characteristics are excelled than Shifeng which had already applied in yield.In addition Yanshanduanzhi has coppice characteristics obviously, this variety could conveniented for intensivism producded and its nut have best qualities, this variety can resist drought conditions.It can developed properly in the fertile mountain region terraced fields of soil.2.On the basis of consulting documents, according to the Chinese chestnut breeding experts and the growth expert's suggestion, we regard the merchandise characteristics as the most important factor, we has gone on onthe comprehensive appraisal of the real quality of every chestnut variety, the result is:The 5 varieties Yanshanduanzhi, Dal-3, Hou84-3, GuantinglOhao, Yanhong have best chestnut quality. The Yankui, Shifeng, yanchang, 10-14 have moderate quality of Chestnut. The other varieties such as Qianxi2399 has bad characteristics.3. In the drought soil conditions, we mensurate the photosynthetic rate and other mutuality index, the growth characteristics and per mu yield. We analysised the drought resisted characteristics of all the Chinese chestnut, the result is, Yanhong, Yanshanduanzhi and Hou84-3 can bear stronger drought conditions .Yanhong cann't bear drought conditions.4. We dicussed the hurt and the yield reduce about Chinese chestnut red spider harm on different varieties. We regard the degree of lamina losing green as the index, using the method of cluster analysis,the result is that the 9 varieties such as Yanshanduanzhi, Hou84-3 etc. have light hurt on Chinese chestnut red spider.The Yankui , Chushuhong is endangered by the chestnut red spider seriously.5. We described the character botany, the biology speciality such as lamina, chestnut shed, thorn, chestnut and autumn etc. of some choiceness varieties which has development future.Find that the lamina, chestnut shed, thorn, chestnut and autumn etc. are the critical characteristics which can distinguished these varieties.