Study On Evaluation Of Germplasm And Cultivated Technology In Sweet Cherry

The sweet cherry is a dominant agricultural product in Shandong province and one of the tree fruit varieties planted with better benefit at present. So it has been planed and developed actively all over shandong province in recent years. Directing against the problems on the difficult variety selection, low yield, poor quality in cherry production at present, it have been promoted the researches on evaluation of germplasm resources and a complete set of high-quality high- efficient technology of culture. Aim at promoting the sound development of the sweet cherry industry in our province. This research was carried out in Shandong institute of pomology, trial base in Yantai city fruit tree research institute and tree fruit research and extension center, Washington state university, U.S.A in 2002-2004. The characteristic evaluation on sweet cherry fruit size, fruit hardness, mature period, self-fertilization and so on was carried on for the sweet cherry cultivars reGistered newly in North America and introduced in Shandong during past 20 years. The typical experience of heavy-yield culture was summarized, and the high-quality high-efficient culture technology system for sweet cherry was set up. The main result is as follows:1. Collect and categorize 80 sweet cherry germplasm resources and 10 rootstock germplasm resources. And evaluate to its main characteristics. Red fruit type variety account for 95% and yellow type variety accounts for 5% only. In the varieties ReGistered newly in North America, the self-fertilization variety account for 54%, the hard flesh type variety account for 80%.In main varieties cultured and introduced newly in Shandong, simple fruit weight account for 1/3 in less than 8 g, 8-9g, more than 9g variety respectively; The soluble substance is between 13.2-22.9%. But in production because the fruit is harvested early, the weight of the simple fruit and the content of soluble substances was reduced greatly; the fruit quality is influenced seriously.Gisela series bred in Germany performance excellently in dwarfing, early-bearing and heavy-yield in rootstock germplasm resources. The combination of sweet cherry and GI6 grows vigorously and gets high yield. GI5 meanly, gets early-bearing and heavy-yield crop.The sweet cherry bud-break is relatively early in the area of Tai'an, generally on the 6 -12 of March, blossoming period is from March 25 to April 8, mature period is from May 10 to June 15, the period of fruit development is 30-65 days.2. Select 4 sweet cherry orchards with early-bearing and heavy-yield which yield is between 1500-2500kg per 666. 6M2, investigate culture management measures, summarize and put forward the high- quality high-efficient culture technical indexes and technical regulations.Technical indexes: The average simple fruit weight of sweet cherry in commercial is more than 7.5-9 grams, the content of soluble substance is up to 16-18%, there is no cracked fruit, there is no deformity fruit; The yield is controlled between 750- 2000kg per 666.7m2 in best fruiting period; The effective depth of soil is up to 60-80 cm; the content of organic substance is more than 1.5%; RidGing cultivation, straw coverage or intercropping hops; The tree grows stalwartly, the orchard looks uniform.Technical regulations: The variety selection relies mainly on the large fruit type, hard flesh type, heavy-yield type. The dominant varieties included Zaodaguo, Tielton, Brooks, Van, Summit, Labins, Stella, Youyi and Bing ? and so on. ; The rootstock selection relies mainly on its good adaptability, stalwart growth, and dwarf, early-bearing and heavy-yield. The main varieties include Colt, Daqingye, and Gisela and so on. Intensive plantation rely mainly on the backbone shape, such as spindle shape, improved little crown shape, and columnar shape, etc. Apply the measures such as carving bud, drawing branch, taking offshoot tip, etc. to control the tree growth.Water and fertilizer management is a key factor in success of sweet cherry cultivation. The key point is 3 time fertilizations and 4 time irrigations. The 3 time fertilizations include a base manure application, an application during flowering and fruiting period (including foliage spray), and an application after harvesting. The 4 time irrigations include an application before blossom, an application after flower wither to before fruit ripen, an application after harvesting and an application before the field is freezed.