Study On The Variety Comparison And Grafting Cultivation Technique Of Aspermous Watermelon

The benefit of aspermous watermelon was more higher than that of common watermelon. Development aspermous watermelon has an important significance on the property structure adjustment and enhances farmer income. With the expands of aspermous watermelon area and graveness of blight, it's imminence to breed and screen out high quality aspermous watermelon variety and provide high yield and quality planting measurements. Aspermous watermelon variety screening and graft plant technique was studied in this experiment. The purpose was to provide reference and foundation on perfecting and accelerating aspermous watermelon graft technique. The main results of this experiment as following: 1. The growth and development rule and yield and quality of 6 introduced aspermous watermelon variety were compared. Results showed that Guangxi No. 2 was a prematurity variety, 99 days of the whole bearing stage, 30 days of the fruit development stage, 11.5% of sugar content and No. 1 by flavor appraise through comparison; Heimi No.2 was a postmaturity variety, 110 days of the whole bearing stage, 38 days of the fruit development stage, yield was the highest, reached 3100 kg/667m², No.3 by flavor appraise through comparison. So, prematurity culture should choose Guangxi No.2, and middle or late maturity should choose Heimi No.2.2. The appropriate germinate temperature of aspermous watermelon seed was 30³5℃. And the germinate rate was highest by devastating shell after soaking treatment. On the aspect of choice aspermous watermelon stocks, the bottle gourd stock benignity was the highest, cuslard squash stock was the second, and the Cucurbita ficifolia stock was the lowest. The survive rate of approach grafting was higher than that of cut-in grafting.3. Aspermous watermelon grafting could enhance the growth potential of plant, delay the senescence, increase the Pn at inflating amphisarca stage. Which enhanced the single fruit weight and yield of aspermous watermelon. Furthermore, there was no badness effect on the quality by bottle gourd grafting.4. Grafting could increase the absorption of N, P, K and enhance the N distribution rate in the stem and leaf. Which indicated that grafted seedling has stronger root system and could promote the absorption of mineral nutrition. From unfolding stage to inflating amphisarca stage, the distribution rate of P and K in grafted plant stem and leaf dropped more rapid than that of self-root plant. It's related with the nutrient matter moved to fruit. So, during this period, control N and supply P and K fertilizer was the key to enhance aspermous watermelon yield.5. Using the design of saturated D-310, the regression model of the relation of N, P, K and aspermous watermelon yield was built:y=2717.98-67.62x₁-604.55x₁²-11.14x₂-38.83x₁x₂-72.97x₂²+83.89x₃-88.30x₁x₃-46.81x₂x₃ -56.39x₃². From this regression model, the following conclusion might receive: effect of fertilizer on aspermous watermelon yield, K was the highest, N was the second, P was the smallest; under this trial condition, N, P₂O₅, K₂O used 13.02 22.75kg, 5.59 9.53kg, 16.30²6.74kg respectively, aspermous watermelon yield could reached more than 2500kg/667m2.6. Under this trial condition, the appropriate planting density of Heimi No.2 was 740⁸30 plant per 667m², and the double sarments and treble sarmentstraining manner was suitable. After artificial pollination, assistant hormone treat GA (25 ug.g"1) or 2, 4^D(15u g-g"1), the setting fruit percent could be increased dramatically. Hormone treatment was propitious to the swelling of aspermous watermelon fruit, then increased aspermous watermelon yield. Furthermore, hormone treatment has no badness effects on the fruit shape and fruit quality.