Demonstrating Study On The Planting Technology Of Young Walnut Trees,in The Dry Mountainous Area In The East Of Shanxi Province

The walnut belongs to walnut genus (Juglans) of walnut family (Juglandaceae) ,and it is a kind of grain and oil woody plant whose main products are kernels. Walnuts is one of the four biggest dry fruit plants in the world. It is of great value of nutrition and tastes good, so it is very good materials for nourishing food, traditional Chinese medicine and food—processing. Its wood has the feature of hard quality, close texture, good flexibility, strong resistance and mothproofing, so it is the first- class material for making high class furniture and also it is perfect material for army and industry.In order to deal with the technical problems with the walnuts-planting in the dry mountainous area in the east of Shanxi Province, this paper is based on the experiments on the early-produced varieties of Liaohe l,Zhonglin 3, Bokexiang, American black walnuts and on the late-produced varieties of Jinlong 1 and Jinlong 2 . Choosing the representative soil conditions, considering of the effect of introducing different varieties, different planting time, different treatment and different preserve method on the planting survival ratio, the effect of different method on the growth of young walnut tree, and the effect of intercropping on the growth of walnut tree to carry out the experiments in order that they could supply technology for the best-qualified, high yielding planting. The main results are as follows:1. The ordinary varieties of walnut plant has strong roots ,it grows strong and fruits earlier, so it is suitable to grow in the dry mountainous areas. Both the early-produced varieties of Liaohe 1, Zhonglin 3, Bokexiang, American black walnuts and the late-produced products Jinlong land Jinlong 2 are also suitable to grow under the climate and soil conditions in this area. The American black walnuts are especially adaptable ,so we should spread the planting of them. The lime soil can help the growing of the walnuts, so we should develop more walnut bases in those areas.2. The key factors influencing the survival rate of the walnuts are the planting time and methods .In the dry mountainous area of the east of Shanxi Province, The best time to plant walnuts is from the middle days of March to the middle days of April, that is 'Dingling planting '; The survival rate of walnuts planted in the autumn will decrease because of the cold and windy weather in the North, and the ineffective cold-proof measure. Before the planting of walnuts, one should prune the rotten and bruised roots, and dip the roots into 25ppm ABT3 roots-taking power for 2 hours, which has a obvious effect to help the walnuts to survive, sprout earlier and grow faster. Watering, covering with film and plants can raise the survival rate of the walnuts.3. It is of great importance to apply fertilizer. One can prepare 30-40kilogram farm manure mixed with 0.5-1 kg quick acting phosphate fertilizer per tree, then mix them with the soil fully and fill the pit with them ,which can supply the walnuts with nutrient to grow thatyear and help the differentiation of buds and help the tree living through the winter. Besides, adding more fertilizer (e.g. urea) or covering the tree with plants to supply the necessary nutrient needs of young trees can also help the growing of the trees and differentiation of buds.4. Bags-covering and earth-filling are key links to make sure of the survival rate of the walnuts planting .After the leaves fall, in the early and middle days of November, one should cut the tip of the branches, cover them with plastic bags ,fill earth and tie up to make sure that the young trees go through the winter safely. In the early days of April next year, removing the plastic bags and earth before the trees sprout to help the young trees sprout and grow better. In the area short of money and labor, people can adopt the measure of layering and earth-covering to resist the cold, but it usually cause the trees to crook. Bags-covering or layering form the first year to the third year after planted is good methods to prevent "branch out" in winter.5. In order to help the young trees to grow better, it is also very important to cut the lateral buds, the tip of the branches and remove some flowers. The young trees should be cut lateral buds for many times during the growing periods in that year to avoid using up the nutrient and moisture content, which helps the trunk to grow taller and thicker; in the early and middle days of November, cutting the tip of the branches at the 1/3—1/2 of the trunks ,which makes it easy to cover bags, fill earth, easy for the lateral buds to grow at the bottom and form ideal crown. In the next spring removing the female and male buds to reduce the consuming of nutrient and moisture content, to help the growing of roots, stems and lateral branches ,which can improve the differentiation of buds in the next year.6. The covering of earth film and plants can promote the growth of young trees after planting. Covering plastic film in the tree, then remove the film instead of weeds can raise temperature, keep soil moisture, restrain weeds and add organic matter, thus improving the survival rate of young trees and settle the problem of overgrown-weeds.7. Intercropping can make full use of the light, land and space of young tree garden. Ploughing, turning up the soil, loosening the soil, removing the weeds, applying fertilizer, watering often can help the growth of the young walnut trees. The intercropping of bean family plants can strengthen the soil fertility and increase the economic profit of the walnut garden in the early period. So, we can say that intercropping in the walnut garden of young trees within 1—3 years, especially with the bean family plants can gain the effect of double -benefits.