Study On Developmental Characteristics Of Lindera Aggregata Tuberous Root And Its Genetical Diversity

Lindera aggregata(Sims)Kosterm, a precious tuberous root medicinal materials species belongs to Lindera genus in the family Lauraceae. In this paper, in order to understand biology of the tuberous root development of Lindera aggregata and genetical backgrounds, 14 provenances from six provinces were taken as testing materials to study the root anatomy, effective chemical composition, genetics and the relationships between botanical characteristics and development of tuberous root, between the tuberous root and the ecological factors of their growth environment. And the provenance variations were analyzed. The main research results showed as follows: Lindera strychifolla root transverse section is divided into phellem layer,cortex,phloem,cambium,xylem and radial etc. Observing tissue through the paraffin section, the amount of xylem cell in tuberous root is more than that in taproot, and the abundant starch were found in tuberous root, few in taproot, those indicated expansion portion of tuberous root is xylem. Tuberous root is spindle-shaped, having concentric annual rings and lots of fat cells; while the taproot is cylindrical, without concentric annual rings and few of fat cells. The exterior of the fiber and among cortical cells in tuberous root had dyed cyaneous mycelium by Trypan blue, however there is a lack inside cell. Cyaneous myceliums were not found in toproot around and in cell. Lindera strychifolla, dioecious, whether it possesses the tuberous root doesn't decide by sex. 200 seedlings living in FuYang were investigated, the result show that 63 seedlings were female, 137 ones were male, the proportion of sex is 1∶2.16; 128 seedlings possessed tuberous roots, 72 didn't, the proportion is 1.78∶1. This data indicated that female seedlings not must have tuberous roots, vice versa. The morphological characters were observed and variance analysis indicated that there existed marked differences between provenances and within populations. There was ubiquitous stream: Lindera strychifolla plant with tuberous root possessed small bottle-green long ellipse and tapering leaves, whereas those without tuberous root possessed big jade-green emarginated leaves; The same current was found in young seedlings of provenance trial. UV-spectrogram and chemical constituents of six provenances were analyzed. The result showed that chemical constituents and contents were significant distinctness among tuberous root, toproot and leaf, which explained the their efficacy was different and not mixed. The relative volatile oil contents in tested provenances were different: Tiantai> Fenyi> Fuyang> Xinning>Wuyishan>Dongzhi. The chemical constituents of volatile oil in provenances were almost the same, but relative contents existed distinct difference, such as ?-Phellandrene, Borneol, coumarone, -phellandren. The chemical components in Tiantai provenance were more abundant and those contents were higher than other provenances, which offered evidence for it as producing area of geo-authentic crude drugs. Correlation analysis and the principal component analysis of ecological factors were conducted to find out the relationship between the tuberous root growth and ecological factors. The result show that the tuberous root variation was significantly positive related to the latitude and significant negative correlations to the annual mean temperature and the rainfall. Based on the correlation analysis results, the zone of Lindera aggregata can be divided 4 types: Ⅰmiddle-western area with XiNing of HuNan and FenYi of JiangXi as the representations; Ⅱmiddle-subtropic area with WuYiShan of FuJian as the representation; ⅢZheJiang shore area with TianTan of ZheJiang as representation; ⅣNorthern-subtropic area with FuYang of ZheJiang and DongZhi of AnHui as its representations. The 4 types were divided in terms of latitude; it is mean that latitude is the main reason influencing the development of tuberous root. Soil in the natural area was analyzed, consulting the criterion of soil-nutrient in china It was found that the Lindera aggregata grow in low nutrient area as a whole. The total N in the natural soil was high and its range was small but the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; the total N in the experience was in the modest-low level as a whole. The P in the soil was low; the K was modest. Lindera aggregata live in the strong acidity environment. The soil nutrient of WuYiShan of FuJian was highest in all provenances, while the soil of FenYi of ZheJiang is the lowest one, but their tuberous roots were small. It was indicated that too much or too little nutrient was neither good at tuberous root development. The abundant elements in the soil weren't the main reason to decide the development of tuberous root and also have no correlation but can influent it. There existed a greatly genetic diversity of Lindera strychifolla, with mean Shannon index 0.4769, polymorphic seat 80.18%. Gene differentiation coefficient among-populations accounted 62.94%, and which within-population accounted for only 37.06%. Based on the means of RAPD molecular marker, the natural population ofLindera strychifolla can be divided into four types: Tiantai of Zhejiang and Wuyishan of Fujian population of east and Zhejiang coastal zone; north Fuyang of Zhejiang and Dongzhi of Anhui; midland Jiangxi Fenyi population and western Hunan Xinning. Lindera strychifolla Seed has dormancy phenomenon because of seed coat. There were distinct differences among provenances seeds in thousand-grain weight, size, color, ratio of length and width. It was also found that there is significant negative correlation between altitude and seed thousand-grain weight, seed length; seed width and longitude. There was significant positive correlation between seed-size and annual mean temperature, but rainfall. There was prominent correlation between leaf characters and thermal index, especially annual mean temperature. Lindera aggregata was slow grow shrub species, August and September was its fast-grow period in a year; tuberous root began to extend since the middle of the November. So, there existed great differences in one year seedlings. Provenances experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of leaves, growth, root trait in Lindera strychifolla. The results show that there existed significant differences among provenances. Seed length and width, thousand grain weight were significant positive related to seedling height. Lindera strychifolla possessed high heritability and variation coefficient, especially in seed character and the weight of underground portion, which built the foundation for Lindera strychifolla genetic improvement study.