| OBJECTIVE In the course of aquaculture,the large-amount and long-term application of drug and the environmental pollution caused by industrial and agricultural production have brought serve problem of liver diseases such as drug-induced liver injury and poison-induced hepatic damage to breed aquatics of eel. A great deal of chemical drugs have been used to treat these fish livr diseases.but the effects demonstrated not so good.In recent years, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation(TCMP) has been proved effectively to prevent and cure the liver diseases in human,whereas the situation in fish is unknown.The purpose of this study was therefore,first,to characterize the clinical effects of TCMP on liver injury induced by Cu-exposed in eel. The second aim of this study was to determine the restoring-capacity to the microstructure of liver tissue and the ultrastructure of hepatocyte. The third objective was to evaluate the effects of TCMP on the change of enzyme activities, such as serum transaminase in blood,antioxidant enzyme and adenosine triphosphatase in liver.METHODS Six eels,acting as Cu-poisoned control fish,were exposed to waterborne Cu(0.12mg·L-1) in moderately hard water for 4 days and kept at background Cu levels(0.004mg·L-1) in the following 4 days.Eighteen eels were disposed in the same way as the Cu- poisoned control fish in the first 4days,and then six eels among them were administered by 200 mg·L-1 water solution of Baogan Jiedu Tang(BJT),which was made up of Yinchen,Longdan,Gancao, Dahuang and Zhizi etc., in the following 4 days as low-dosage-drug-treated fish,six eels by 400 mg·L-1 BJT as high-dosage-drug-treated fish,and the other six eels were administered by 100 mg·L-1 of Jiangmeiling capsule containing Wuweizi as drug-treated control fish.Six eels as control fish were kept atbackground Cu levels(0.004mg-L ') in the whole trial course of 8 days without any disposition.The fish behavior and outer symptom were observed during the trial period.At the end,fish were killed ,and their blood were immediately collected and centrifuged to collect serum for testing the activity of its transaminase(AST and ALT). The fish were then disseted anatomia-pathologically. Subsequently, liver was dissected out,rinsed with double-distilled water.A fraction of the liver was examined by light microscope histopathologically and by transmission electron microscope cytopathologiclly, the other part of liver was treated for the assaying of antioxidant enzymes(CAT,SOD and GSH-Px) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase).RESULTS 1) In first 4 days of the experiment period,all Cu-exposed eels presented abnormal behaviors and exhibited light outer poisoned symptoms, while control fish did not. At the end of treatment experiment, compared with the Cu-poisoned control fish, the clinical performances and the anatomia-pathological symptoms of drug-treated fish and drug-treated control fish had improved obviously.2) Compared with the control fish, pathological studies showed a severe hepatic tissue degeneration in Cu-poisoned control fish, characterized by fatty or vacuolar degeneration and necrosis in the liver cells, fibrinous degeneration in the intercellular substance. Ultrastructurally, the mitochondria of the liver cells swelled with disintegration and lyses of the cristaes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum expanded, intracisternal sequestration multiplied. The glycogen decreased and fat drops increased in the liver cells. Some nuclei of hepatocytes presented crenation degeneration. Compared with the Cu-poisoned control fish, the microstructure of liver tissue and the ultrastructure of hepatocyte of drug-treated fish and drug-treated control fish had restored notably. 3)Compared with the control fish, the levels of ALT and AST enhanced significantly (PO.01) , the activities of CAT GSH-Px and ATPase decreased sharply (P<0.01) ,and the activity of SOD was activated slightly (PO.05) in Cu-poisoned control fish. And in drug-treated fish and drug-treated control fish,the...
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