| Salvia L., with various species, is an important category of plant resource for drug using. The number of varieties found on the earth is more than1000with over80of them distributed in China. Salvia. miltiorrhiza Bunge. is the dried roots and rhizomes of the pants belong to Salvia. of Labiatae. Now, the main active compounds of S. miltiorrhiza, water-soluble phenolic acids and lipid-soluble diterpene quinone characterized by several bioactivities such as antithrombotic, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-viral and so on, are widely used for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and so on. It has been reported that the volatile ingredients which are from vast medicinal plants including Salvia L. and were characterized by good bioactivity and became an important resource for the development of natural perfume with higher efficiency and lower toxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial. However, during a long time, the active compounds for drugs is from the rhizomes of Salvia plants, as a widely medicinal species in Labiatae. So far, attention was gradually attracted by the high content and activity in the different parts of Salvia plants in the fields of officinal plants, spices application and so on.It was well known that the biosynthesis of secondary metabolism products of plants is closely influenced either by their inheritance or the growing environment. Abundant secondary metabolism substance was produced to resist the stress in the adaption to the outside condition, In addition, S. miltiorrhiza is widely distributed in China, mainly distributed in the provinces of Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan, Gansu, Tibet and so on. Due to the different climate in the different regions in China, there is a big difference in the quality of medicinal S. miltiorrhiza from different regions. For example, the content of water-soluble and lipid-soluble ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza from Sichuan region are high. Nonetheless, the content of lipid-soluble compound is much higher than water-soluble in the sample from Shandong. Although there is large amounts of β-caryophyllene, a-caryophyllene and other active ingredients in the volatile compounds of S. miltiorrhiza, the situation of volatile compounds in China as a whole and the difference among different habitats are still unclear. If these issues are clarified, it will provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of the resource of S. miltiorrhiza.In order to explain these question, firstly, our study improved the the conditions of extraction of volatile compound by using head space solid phase micro extraction method. Then, we comprehensively compared and analyzed the volatile components from different parts of S. miltiorrhiza in24different production places mainly by Gas chromatography and mass select-detector (GC/MS). All of the samples were herborized from the main producing areas in6provinces as Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Shandong. Further, volatile components from5samples of S. miltiorrhiza were extracted by the method of steam distillation. After that, the antioxidant activity of the volatile components was determined by the method of DPPH· scavenging. The main results of this paper are listed as followed:1. The GC/MS procedure for analysis of the different parts of S. miltiorrhiza was established in herein for optimizing:GC conditions:column pressure:86.7kPa; carrier gas was high purity helium (99.999%), column carrier gas flow was1.27mL/min; split ratio was20:1; the temperature of vaporization chamber was250℃, solvent delay:5min; the flow rate of carrier gas was1.0mL/min; temperature program:initial temperature was80℃(maintained for2min); temperature at8℃/min to180℃(for1min), then at10℃/min to230℃(for2min); at10℃/min to250℃(for1min),; the temperature of post-running was280℃(for5min).MS conditions:El ion source and the temperature was230℃, MS interface temperature was280℃, the energy of electron was70eV; multiplier voltage was0.9kV; mass range was20-550amu; solvent delay5min.2. The head space solid phase micro extraction method to extracting the volatile components from S. miltiorrhiza, and the type of solid phase microextraction head, extraction time, extraction temperature, sample volume and desorption time these five factors were investigated. The optimum extraction method was as follows:the type of65μmPDMC/DVB solid-phase microextraction head was used, the sample volume was0.2g, added2ml ultra-pure water at100℃for50min,5min for desorption. This method can extract volatile components form S. miltiorrhiza fully, simply and operatively.3. To compared with most of plants, the results of volatile components from24producing areas of S. miltiorrhiza show that there volatile components were numerous and high-content. Terpenoids was the main component of volatile components from S. miltiorrhiza, and its content was highter in leaves than in roots. The result of hierarchical cluster analysis of terpenoids is similar with the principal component analysis rersult of total volatile components (including terpenoids, aromatic, aliphatic and heterocycles compounds) from the leaves of S. miltiorrhiza. Therefore, terpenoids components can represent the overall volatile components of leaves from S. miltiorrhiza. The contents of β-caryophyllene, a-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide is high, there were a lot of reseach about the three components in pharmacologically active study of plant volatile constituents. So according to the total amount of these three volatile components from the leaves of S. miltiorrhiza in24major production areas of China which be divided into three levels:The areas in the highest levels distributed in Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi and so on, middle-level areas distributed in Anhui, Hubei, the areas which distribution in Henan, Hubei, Shanxi were the lowest.4. The result of scavenging DPPH· test in volatile components from five samples of S. miltiorrhiza showed that the ability of scavenging DPPH· were well. And with the increase of volatile components concentration, the ability of scavenging DPPH· was increased gradually. Also with the increase of extension time, the ability was increased gradually. The volatile components from S. miltiorrhiza is effective exogenous antioxidants which had an ideal capacity in vitro antioxidant.
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