Preliminary Studies Of Induce Haploid Of Bitter Gourd (Momordica Charantia L.)

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a medical gourd vegetable, and welcomed recent years. Its consumption is increasing gradually. The breeding object of bitter gourd should be diversity-oriented to meet the market need. However, the conventional breeding process is long period and great difficulty, lead to seriously restricting the breeding progress of bitter gourd hybrid. The process would be shorter and easier obviously to choose excellent inbred line through haploid breeding.In this study, two different genotypes of bitter gourd varieties were experimental material, named Z-1-4×132-3-1 and "cuifei". According to analyze the effect of pollen mentor, chemical agent and in vitro to unpollinated ovary, the preliminarily research results were as follows:(1) In pollen mentor experiment, Luffa (Luffa cylindrica roem.) pollen was the best foreign pollen to be spreaded on the stigma of pistillate flower of bitter gourd to stimulate the ovary's further development than cucumber, wax gourd, pumpkin, melon and bottle gourd's.(2) The pollen germination was significantly inhibited by 80-100 mg/L toluidine blue solution because of obvious appearance of abnormal pollen tube, which might stimulate the ovary to develop further. 1%-2% DMSO solution could stimulate 30% ovary to develop further, which were difficult to form marketable fruits.(3) Comparison to different concentration of NaCIO solution and different sterilization time, the result showed that using 3% NaClO solution to sterilize 10 min was proper. In addition, the result clearly showed that the sterilization time of explants in autumn was less than in spring or summer.(4) The explant was ovary donors which were collected 12 hours prior to anthesis. Ovary blocks of bitter gourd were induced into callus quickly in MS medium by adding 1.0 mg/L 6BA,1.0 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L-6.0 mg/L AgNO3, and the highest callus formation frequency was around 90% when the concentration of AgNO3 was 5 mg/L. Ovary blocks of "cuifei" were more sensitive to hormone than ones of Z-1-4×132-3-1.(5) The unpollinated ovules were from ovary donors which were collected 12 hours prior to anthesis. They were peeled out of the ovary in the lab to be incubated on 1/2MS pretreatment medium in 35℃for heat shock 4 days in the dark to be enlarged obviously. Then, they were transferred into MS medium by adding 1.0 mg/L 6BA,0.5 mg/L NAA and 4 mg/L 2,4-D, the highest callus ratio was 71%. CPPU could not stimulate ovary blocks to form callus.