Studies On Extracting Method Of Momordica Saponions And Screening Of Bitter Gourd(Momordica Charantia L.) Varieties With High Momordica Saponions Content

In this study, we started from the determination of Momordica saponins to optimize the technical condition for extracting the sponions through altrasonic extraction method, then studied the difference of saponions content in different breeding period and different parts of the plants, the variation of saponions content between different varieties, the Correlations between quality characters and the content of total saponions in bitter gourd. Obtained results provided the good theoretical basis for further developing excellent varieties with high content of MS and developing new breeding techniques. The main results were as follows:1. The measuration of total saponins of bitter gourdTo develop a colorimetric analysis method for the quantitative determination of total MS in bitter gourd, and to offer the evidence for the quality control of bitter gourd preparation, the suitable conditions for colorimetry were obtained by optimization of determ ination with the vanillin-CH3COOH-HCLO4 as the chromogenic reagen ,the heating time of 15 min, the heating temperature of 60℃and the quantity of 0.2 ml of 5% Vanillin-CH3COOH and 0.8ml of HCLO4.The color of the treated samples was stable within 40-60min.The average value of the recovery for mormodicoside measurement was 101.22% with the RSD of 1.064%(n=5). The results showed that the developed method could be high precision,simple,correct and reproducible for the determination of the contents of total MS in bitter gourd.2. The technical condition to extract the sponions through altrasonic extraction was optimizedOptimal conditions for the extraction of total MS with transonic abstraction color metric method were studied. In this paper, the working parameters including extracting temperature, alcohol content, the ratio of solvent to powder and extracting time were studied. The results showed that optimal conditions for the extraction with transonic abstract-color metric method was 70℃, the ratio of solvent to powder was 1:30, vibration frequency was 60%, ethanol concentration of 70% extraction for 2 times repeatedly and 0.5h once. The method is simple, rapid and accurate and suitable for the quality evaluation of bitter gourd material and products.3. The difference of saponions content in different breeding periodPhytochemistry methods were applied in the studies on the difference of saponions content through altrasonic extraction and colorimetric analysis method in different breeding period. In the fruit, the content of total saponions increases first and the decreases with the growing period of fruit. And the fruit has the highest content of total saponions in about 15 days. So 15 day is the most suitable picking time. It had significant interaction effects between different breeding period and saponions content. So we should measure the congtent of total saponions in the same breeding period.4. The difference of saponions content in different parts of the plantsThe total saponions content of 62# in different parts of the plants was measured to study the content difference. The results indicated that fruit has the highest content of total saponions(1.644%) in different organs nutrition, and the decreasing order of the content of total saponions was Seed>Leaf>Stem>Rootage. The content of total saponions in rootage was 0.0744%.5. The variation of saponions content among bitter gourd varieties were studiedThe total saponions content of 15 varieties of bitter gourd were measured. The results showed that the difference of saponions content among varieties were significant (P<0.01), indicating the variation of saponions content among varieties existed. The range was from 0.90% to 2.91%. The highest MS content variety was 63#.6. Correlations between quality characters and the content of total saponions in bitter gourd were studied10 quality characters of 15 breeding materials of Mormordica charantia L. were researched in this experiment basiced on the correlation between different characters. The results showed that the content of total saponions had significantly positive relationship with fruit color at p<0.01 level; had positive relationship with bitterness, fruit shape; had significantly negative relationship with fruit tumor and fruit length. Fruit tumor, color, shape and thorn had close relation, the change of one character will bring changes of others. So though the selection of appearance quality, we can realize the screening of high content of total saponions indirectly.