Studies On Karyptype And Classification Of Germplasm Of Cyclamen Persicum. Mill

The twenty cyclamen germplasm from France, the United States, Belgium, Japan and China of Taishan Forestry Science Institute were taken as the experimental materials in this paper. The conventional squashed method was improved and the somatic-cell-chromosomes of cyclamen were studied. Through identification of chromosome numbers, analysis of karyotypes and exploration of effective approach of karyotype analysis of cyclamen germplasms, the aim of this paper was to provide the basic cytology data of cyclamen germplasms .The main study results were as follows:1. A simple and efficient production method of Cyclamen was explored. The flourish cyclamen buds were collected in clear days from 10:00 AM to 12:00 AM or 2:00PM to 5:00PM . The young leaves should be divested. Tender tissues were pretreated with saturated 1,4 dichlorobenzene solution for 2-3h, fixed in freshly prepared Carnoy's fixed liquid(1:3 alcohol- acetic)for 12h, hydrolyzed in the 1N HCL for 10 min at room temperature and stained with improved fuchsin solution.2. The chromosomes actual length of the twenty cyclamen germplasm in this study were variated from 1 to 4μm.The chromosomes belongs to small chromosomes . All the chromosomes of the twenty cyclamen germplasms were diploid , average arm ratio varied from 1.15 to 1.59,karyotype asymmetry index ranged from 53.03 61.78. Most of the germplasms were 1A and 1B type, very few were the 2A,2B, that it is more stable species. As to relative length, the French flag only was M₂ chromosome and M1 chromosome, the other germplasms were L chromosome, M2chromosome, M1chromosome, S chromosome . The main member of karyotype was m chromosome and only a few chromosomes also have sm chromosomes.3. The chromosomes of cyclamen germplasm from five different areas were less than 4μm.It belongs to small chromosomes; All the chromosomes were diploid, polyploid and aneuploid were not found . The chromosome number of Japan and the United States germplasm was 48,the number of Zhejiang and Belgium germplasm was 84, and the French germplasm was 48 except Caiyun . The average arm ratio and karyotype asymmetry coefficient had a smaller difference; Both the Belgium and Zhejiang have the same type as 1A, and the United States was 1B, the French kind of deep powder and clouds were 1B, white and red flag were 1A . The French deep powder, the United States pale,Japan NP-9, PF-9 had the same composition of relative length that was 8L +16 M₂ +16 M₁ +8 S; while the United States Caidie, Japan SC-57were 8L +14 M₂ +18 M₁ +8 S; Japan NP-7, P-5, P-4 were 6L +18 M₂ +16 M₁ +8 S; other varieties were different from each other . The member of karyotype of France, Belgium, the U.S. were m chromosome and Zhejiang and Japan germplasm also have sm chromosomes.4. Using LR, MAR, As.K% and AL as the four principal components factor, we made a Dij2Q cluster and found that the twenty cyclamen germplasm can be divided into five categories, the first category: France clouds; The second category: Belgium laser, Belgium white, French red flag; The third category includes France, white, SC-57, France deep powder, the U.S. light pink, the United States Caidie; the fourth category : Zhejiang red flag; the fifth category includes NP-7, NP-9, NP-10, P-5, P-4, PF-9, PF-10, VBF-10, K-4, K-66.