Temperature Stress On Grape Growth And Effects Of Foliar Fertilizer Spaying

The cold resistance of 10 rootstocks were identified, the effects of a series of protecting leaves operations and the combination of clone and rootstock on stored nutrition were appraised; while the physiological mechanism of CaCl₂ and NaHSO₃ to alleviate grape photosynthesis was studied. The results were as follows:1. There was no significant difference in semilethal temperature between cutting root and invivo root under low temperature stress in 3 cultivars. It's feasible to use cutting roots for testing cold resistance of rootstocks; the relative conductivity of Beta cutting roots increased with time under -8℃cold stress, short period stress of 4h had no significant difference with control, while the relative conductivity increased sharply between 4h and 20h and reached peak value till 48h.2. The cold resistance of rootstocks in descending order was: Beta>5BB> Fercal,101-14>SO4>3309C>140Ru>1103P>110R,Gravesac; Beta had the strongest cold resistance and its semilethal temperature was -8.8℃, Followed by 5BB, Fercal, 101-14, SO4 and 3309C, whose semilethal temperature were between -7.0 and -5.6℃; 140R, 1103P, Gravesac and 110R had low cold resistance, whose semilethal temperature were between -5.0 and -4.3℃. Cold resistance of different rootstocks and coarseness of cutting root was significant correlation. The coefficient of correlation was r=0.5027 (a=0.01, r=0.4869).3. The relative conductivity of different rootstocks cutting roots increased with the temperature declining. Under -3℃stress, Beta and 5BB increased by 69.1% and 69.34% than control, while 110R and Gravesac increased by 146% and 136% than control. Under -6℃stress, Beta and 5BB increased by 112.04%,127.51% than control, while Gravesac and 110R increased by 238.81%, 237.39% than control. The content of soluble sugar, proline, free amino acids, soluble protein and MDA was increase with temperature decreasing. Correlation analysis showed that above indexes had a significant correlation with semilethal temperature except souble sugar.4. Spraying 2 or 3 times NaHSO₃ and its combinations during growing season could significantly improve the photosynthetic performance and the photochemical efficiency of PSII of Cabernet Sauvignon. NaHSO₃ + ZTJ treatment increased the fruit sugar content and branch starch content by 10g/l and 53.4% than control. NaHSO₃+KH₂PO₄ treatment increased root starch content by 9.2% than control. NaHSO₃+urea treatment increased protein branch and root content by 25.3% and 9.6%, and increased branch and root amino acid content by 6.5% and 24.9%. In general, NaHSO₃+ZTJ treatment had a better effect.5. Spraying 3 times amino acids and N, P, K foliar fertilizer during mid and later growing period of Cabernet Sauvignon could improve the photosynthetic performance and the photochemical efficiency of PSII to a certain extent. 0.08% glutamic acid and 0.1% polypeptide treatment increased fruit sugar content of by 17.90g/l and 11.48g/l, while increased branch starch content by 67.3% and 64.1%. 0.15%; ZTJ treatment increased branch starch content by 48.9%. 0.4%; KH₂PO₄ treatment increased branch soluble sugar and starch content by 74.7% and 27.7% than control; 0.6% urea treatment increased amino acid and soluble protein content by 60.3% and 36.9%. In general, the amino acid foliar fertilizer had the better effect. 6. Among the different Cabernet Sauvignon clone and rootstock combinations, CS-169/1103P had a higher photosynthetic rate and photochemical efficiency of PS II than CS-169/SO4 in September and October. The fruit quality and C, N storage nutrient in branch and root of CS-169/1103P was significantly better than CS-169/SO4. Among the different clones grafted on 1103P, the clone of 169 had the best effect on photosynthesis, fluorescence parameters, fruit sugar content and storage nutrition. In general, the clone of 169 grafted on 1103P was the best.7. The net photosynthetic rate, PSII activity, the photochemical quenching, Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm, were significantly increased by spraying 15mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂ under high temperature stress. The membrane lipid peroxidation produce content was slightly lower than control. Adding inhibitors EGTA, CPZ treatment significantly inhibited the photosynthesis and the activity of PSII. Idicated that spraying Ca²+ effectively alleviated the high temperature inhibition to the photosynthesis and PSII system in grape leaves.8 NaHSO₃ of different concentration alleviated the heat stress inhibition to photosynthesis on kyoto grape and maintained high PSII activity. The effect of 1mmol·L^-1 NaHSO3 on alleviation to the leaf photosynthesis was best.