Study On The Effect Of Zizyphus Jujube With Coupling Of Water And Fertilizer Under Drip Irrigation

Based on reference about nutrition characteristics of fruit trees and technology of fertilization in and abroad and local field investigation, this research takes the popular fruit tree Zizyphus Jujube as an example arround Tarim Basin in south of Xinjiang, through making field experiments with different treatments of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation, the photosynthetic characteristics, yields and fruit quality of Zizyphus Jujube have been studied by field monitoring and statistic analyzing. The results are as follows:(1)The basal fertilizer of four kinds of fruit trees(Malus, Pyrus, Jujuba, Regia) is sheep excrement primarily, sometimes supplemented by a small amount of diesel oil. While additional fertilizer is diamidogen, urea and amino acid ammonium mainly; Acre application rate presents Malus > Pyrus > Jujuba > Regia and shows decreasing tendency, N:P₂O₅:K₂O in fertilizer nutrient for the fruitful trees is 1:0.92:0.08, 1:0.94:0.02, 1:0.72:0.03 and 1:1.35:0.06 in turn; The frequency and time of application are different because of the local climate and the water available time, the frequency of fertilization are 3,4,5,3 times generally.(2)Diurnal variations of Pn, Tr and Gs of Zizyphus Jujube leaves all take on a curve with one summit, but the emerging times of summit are different. Summit of Pn is 21.2μmol·m^-2·s^-1, Summit of Tr is 4.33 mmol·m^-2·s^-1, Summit of Gs is 286.5 mol·m-2·s^-1, and each emerging time is at 13:00 Pm, 13:00 Pm and 11:00 Am. The curve of diurnal variations of Ci is contrary to Pn, it begins decreasing at 9:00 Am and reaches the lowest value at 11:00 Am, but the curve of diurnal variations of Ls is same to Pn. When Ci is increasing, Ls is decreasing. The summit of WUE is 5.37μmolCO₂·mmol^-1H20, it emerges at 9:00 Am, after this WUE begins decreasing with Tr increasing.(3)As for the treatments of different water and N amounts, firstly, under the fitable amount of water, the content of Chl and WUE begin increasing firstly and then decreasing with the quantity of N increasing,. LAI is increasing. Summit and low of Pn are also increasing .Tr and Gs at any time begin decreasing, and then increasing. Ci shows downward tendency, but Ls shows upset. Secondly, under the condition of fit amount of N, with the quantity of water increasing, Chl and LAI all show downward tendency. Summit and low of Pn are increasing. Tr, Gs and Ls at any time are increasing too. But Ci and WUE are decreasing.(4)As for the treatments of different N, P, K amount, firstly, under the condition of fit amounts of P and K, with the quantity of N increasing, the content of Chl WUE are increasing at beginning, and then decreasing. LAI is increasing. Summit and low of Pn are also increasing .Tr and Gs at any time begin decreasing, and then follow increasing. Ci shows downward tendency. Ls shows upward tendency. Secondly, under the condition of fit amounts of N and K, with the quantity of P increasing, the content of Chl and LAI all begin decreasing, and then follow increasing. Summit and low of Pn are increasing at beginning, and then decreasing. Tr, Gs and Ci at any time begin decreasing, then follow increasing. But Ls and WUE begin increasing, and then follow decreasing. Thirdly, under the condition of fit amounts of N and P, with the quantity of k increasing, Chl is increasing. LAI is decreasing. Summit and low of Pn, Ls and WUE are increasing at beginning, and then decreasing. Tr, Gs and Ci at any time are decreasing at beginning, then follow increasing.(5)In the range of designed level of treatments with different water and N amounts, it can reduce the single fruit weight and fruit shape index to irrigate more water.The role of water and N to yield, contents of revertose, vitamin C and protein in fruit of Zizyphus Jujube is in order of N>W, the interaction effect of water and N is coordination for yield, but there is no interaction effect of water and N for contents of revertose, vitamin C and protein.Taking the yield and quality as optimal composite scheme, the quantity of watering is 300-350 m3/667m2, the quantity of N is 15-25 kg/667m².(6)In the range of designed level of treatments with N, P, K amounts, it can increase the single fruit weight and yield to apply more fertilizer N and P to soil, and improve the fruit shape index. The role of three factors to yield, contents of revertose, vitamin C in fruit of Zizyphus Jujube is in order of K>P>N, but it is in order of N>P>K to protein.Taking the yield and quality as optimal composite scheme, the quantity of N is 20-25 kg/667m², the quantity of P is 15-20 kg/667m², and the quantity of K is 2.5-4 kg/667m².