| Experiment one: Effects of trough organic cultivation patterns on the physiological characters, yield and fruit quality of watermelon plantThe effects of trough organic cultivation patterns on grafted watermelon (Jingxin NO.1) growth, physiological characters, fruit yield and fruit quality were studied. The substrates were compound of rice shell, sand and composted chicken manure and the volume ratio was 3:1:1. Soil culture pattern was taken as the substrate control, and three trough organic cultivation patterns were designed (S1-open type, S2 partly close type, S3 complete close type which were total three culture ways), the results showed as follows:1 With the increase of trough openness, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area increased significantly;2 With the increase of trough openness, the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics(net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration ) as well as root activity and nitrate reductase activity of watermelon were higher than other treatments;3 With the increase of trough openness, fruit yield also increased significantly, at the same time, Vc content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and lycopene content increased markedly;4 Under the condition of S1 and S2 treatments, the growth, physiological characters, fruit yield and fruit quality index of watermelon of were significantly higher than S4, but significantly lower than S4 under S3 treatment,Therefore, we think that S1 treatment was the most suitable trough organic cultivation pattern for protected production of watermelon;Experiment two: Effects of reused organic substrate on the physiological characters, yield and fruit quality of sweet pepperReused organic substrate, new organic substrate and mixed organic substrate which was composed of old organic substrate and chicken manure with 10:1 and 10:2 ratio (volume) were used to study the effects of different cultivation patterns on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper grown in full-open trough cultivation pattern, the results showed as follows:1 The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of new and mixed substrate was higher than that of old substrate. And the physical and chemical properties of new and mixed substrate were higher;2 Commixture substrate of 10:2 had an obvious positive effect on the sweet pepper's growth, and the plant height, stem width were obviously higher than that of other treatments at the later stage; but old substrate cultivated sweet pepper continued to grow ability to be poorer, the growth of indicators are lower than the other treatments at the later stage;3 The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, root length, root volume and root activity grown in commixture substrate of 10:2 were obviously higher than other treatments;4 Biological production and quality of fruits of sweet pepper gained in commixture substrate of 10:2 were obviously higher than other treatments;Experiment three: Effect of fertilization on growth , physiological characteristics, yields and quality of watermelon in organic substrate cultureAdopted full-open trough cultivation pattern, Watermelon (Jingxin No.1) cultured with organic substrate was used to study fertilization effects on morphological indices, physiological characters, yield, fruit quality, nutrient absorption and distribution, and utilization rates of N, P and K, the results showed as follows:1 The plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area of watermelon could be improved by supplying inorganic fertilizer; the growth of indicators with fertilizer was higher than that with no fertilizer supplication.2 The chlorophyll content, root activity and nitrate reductase activity of watermelon could be improved; in fruit expand acme zone, above index in treatment 3 were the highest, the photosynthetic rate in treatment 4 was the highest, fertilizer was higher than that with no fertilizer supplication.3 The yield and quality of the fruit could be increased obviously with proper fertilizer application. The yield treated with fertilizer was higher than that with no fertilizer supplication, the yield in treatment three was the highest; The content vitamin C , index of the sugar and soluble Protein in the fruits of watermelon treated with fertilizer were higher than that with no fertilizer supplication, content of the soluble solid in fruits had no significant differences among different in treatments, but too much fertilizer application could increase the content of nitrate while the index of the sugar decreased.4 Proper fertilizer applications would promote absorption of the nutrition organ, the more fertilizer applied, the more absorption of N and K, but the more fertilizer applied the less absorption of P.5 The utilization rate of the fertilizer could be increased with proper fertilizer application. The utilization rate of N and K in substrates was descended with fertilization increase, but the utilization rate of P increased with fertilization increase. But the more fertilizer applied the less absorption of nutrient of substrate.6 The fertilization could influence the conversion of the slow-acting fertilizer to the quick-acting one in the substrates. But if the fertilizer is excessive,the above conversion could be cut down.7 The best fertilization scheme is treatment three in watermelon with organic substrates soil less culture. Key words: trough organic cultivation patterns;watermelon;sweet pepper;physiologic characteristics;yield;quality;Effect of the fertilization...
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