The Research On Growth And Development Characteristics Of Feijoa Sellowiana Berg

Feijoa sellowiana was Myrtaceae, and it was evergreen shrub or small tree. In this experiment, the main phonological periods, growth characteristics and growth characteristics have been studied on'Mammoth' 'Coolidge','Triumph'and'Unique', which were introduced from America, through field observation and anatomical method. The aim was to explore the growth and development of feijoa, provided the basis for the high yield and quality.The main results were as follows:1. Four varieties of feijoa grew well in Changsha, Hunan, which phenophase were similar, by the end of March to early April began to sprout, flowering in early May, flowering nearly a month, by the end of October to early November ripening. In winter-8℃it could overwinter in Hunan Province.2. Growth characteristic:(1) Root growth dynamics curve was "S" type, as "slow-fast-slow" trend. In the growth period root had a growth peak which was March 7 to April 5; (2) In the growth period shoot had two growth peaks, which the first growth peak was 4 months late, the second growth peak was in mid-May to early June; (3) In the growth period leaf had only a growth peak which was the end of May to early June.3. Pollen characteristics:(1) The average pollen number of one single anther from Mammoth, Coolidge, Triumph and Unique were respectively 8580,5127,4327,5980; the pollen germination rate varied with cultivars and culture media. That the pollen germination rates of the Mammoth was high in the culture medium of 1%agar+15%sucrose+0.005%boric acid, being respectively 78.98%; and that the pollen germination rates of the last three were also high in the medium of 1%agar+10%sucrose+0.01%boric acid, being respectively 54.80%,61.31%and 52.30%. (2) Storage characteristics of pollen:At room temperature storage, four kinds of pollen viability declined extremely quickly, and pollen viability lose completely less than a week, and pollen should not be stored at room temperature. In the refrigerator (4℃) conditions, pollen viability decreased more slowly, and the pollen lost viability until 21 days. In the freezer (-20℃) storage conditions, pollen viability decreased the slowest. The pollen remained viable until 28 days. Pollen germination rates were 29.62%,17.46%, 18.33%and 40.92%respectively.4. Pollination:(1) Different pollination combination in fruit set on the Mammoth to know that fruit rate of Unique pollination combination was the highest, reaching 80.38%. The remaining fruit rate of pollination combination was higher than natural pollination. (2)Cross-pollination and self-pollination of the'Mammoth'pollen all geminated on the style. Only a small part of self pollen geminated in two hour after pollination, and the pollen tube elongated to the middle parts of style after thirty-six hours, and elongated to the bottom parts of style after sixty hours. During self-pollination a small part of self pollen geminated in two hour, and the pollen tube elongated to the middle parts of style after thirty-six hours, and elongated to the bottom parts of style after seventy-two hours. So the pollen tube of self-pollination elongated slower than cross-pollination.5. Fruit characteristics:(1) during fruit growth, fruit length and fruit diameter were very similar, and the growth dynamic curve for the "double S" type, was a "fast-slow-fast-slow" trend. Fruit growth occurred during the growth of two peaks, which the first growth peak was in early July from fallen, and the second growth peak was in early September to mid-October. (2)The main components and morphological characteristics of different cultivars produced significant differences. The maximum diameter of the rootstock was Coolidge, and Triumph was the largest vertical diameter. The single fruit weight of Feijoa was 33.06-43.64g, and the maximum single fruit weight reached 43.64g.4 cultivars of fruit shape index were between the 1.06-1.44. Percarp hardness of 4 Feijoa cultivars in order were Mammoth>Coolidge>Triumph> Unique. (3)Soluble solids of 4 Feijoa cultivars were 11.19%-12.69%, and the highest content cultivar was Mammoth. The highest soluble sugar content was Unique (8.75%), followed by Coolidge, Triumph, and Mammoth. Vc of 4 Feijoa cultivars in order was Mammoth> Unique> Coolidge>Triumph. The highest titratable acidity (1.71%) was Mammoth, which were the minimum cultivar (Coolidge) of 2.11 times.