| In order to reveal the differentiation rule in Pistacia chinensis Bunge so as to regulate the quality and quantity of female flower bud and achieve high and stable yield. The female flower buds and leaves in different periods in P. chinensis Bunge were used as materis to observe the female flower bud differentiation and to determine the contents of endogenous hormones, soluble sugar,sucrose,starch,soluble protein,mineral elements and the activities of protective enzyme. The results were as follows:1. P. chinensis Bunge female flower bud differentiation was from the mid-April to the early-April in next year, amounting to 345 days including two phases with inflorescence differentiation and floret differentiation. Inflorescence differentiation phase included vegetative phase(mid-April to late-April), the initial differentiation phase(late-April to early-May),bract differentiation phase(early-May to late-June), vice spike differentiation phase(mid-May to early-July); Floret differentiation phase included floret primordium differentiation phase(mid-May to early-July),tepal differentiation phase(late-May to mid- July),pistil primordium differentiation phase(began in the mid-June) and pistil differentiation phase(mid-March to early-April in next year). Florets at the base of the inflorescence differentiated first, next was the florets at the upper part of the inflorescence.2. The GA3 contents in flower bud leaves was 25.31μg·g-1 at the initial differentiation and bract differentiation phase(May 6th), that of leaf bud leaves was 35.31μg·g-1 ,and there existed significant difference between them. The GA3 content in flower bud leaves was the highest at the full floret differentiation phase (July 28th)which was 111.18μg·g-1, that of leaf bud leaves was 56.18μg·g-1, there existed very significant difference between them. The ZT contents in flower bud leaves appeared two peak values which were 2 287.13 ng·g-1 and 2 121.36 ng·g-1on May 15th and June 13th, and they were significant higher than that of leaf bud leaves, vice spike and floret primordium differentiated fast at this two periods. IAA contents in flower bud leaves were higher than that of leaf bud leaves from the female flower bud began differentiation to the full floret differentiation (July 9th).The ABA contents in flower bud leaves reached to 1 271.08 ng·g-1 at the full vice spike and floret differentiation phase (June 18th). ABA contents in flower bud leaves were significant higher than that of leaf bud leaves except in late differentiation period(July 28th and August 8th), and the changes of ABA contents in flower bud leaves were evident than that of leaf bud leaves.The results indicated that female flower bud differentiation needed high ZT, ABA, IAA contents and low GA3 content, meanwhile, the high ratios of ZT/IAA,ZT/ABA and low ratios of GA3/ZT, GA3/IAA, IAA/ABA were required, ZT and GA3 were the main hormones on female flower differentiation.3. The SOD activities in flower bud leaves were higher than that of leaf bud leaves in the process of female flower bud morphological differentiation, the SOD activity was up to the highest of 45.44 OD·g-1 FW in the full vice spike and floret primordium period(on June 28th); The POD activities in flower bud leaves were higher than that of leaf bud leaves from April 29th to May 27th and June 18th to August 8th, and at other periods they were lower than that of leaf bud leaves, the highest POD activities in flower bud leaves reached to 20.44 OD·g-1 FW at initial differentiation phase, the POD activities decreased gradually with differentiation going on, then they increased a little at vice spike differentiation phase (May 27th) and floret primordium differentiation phase (July 18th);The CAT activities in flower bud leaves were higher than that of leaf bud leaves except from May 11th to May 15th, the CAT activities in flower bud leaves decreased gradually from the initial differentiation phase, and increased before the differentiation fastigium( early-June) and then decreased, the CAT activities in flower bud leaves increased gradually from the end of June to the early of July, the highest CAT activity reached to 45.12 H2O2mg·g-1FW on September 8th. The results indicated that the high activities of protective enzymes were benefit for the female bud differentiation.4. The contents of soluble sugar and sucrose in flower bud leaves were higher than that of leaf bud leaves in the process of female flower bud morphological differentiation, they were lower in initial differentiation (on April 29th),which were 1.82 % and 1.07 % separately, the contents of soluble sugar and the sucrose in flower bud leaves accumulated rapidly along with initiation of flower bud differentiation, and declined in vice spike and floret differentiation periods; The change of starch content was tempered compared to soluble sugar and sucrose in the flower bud differentiation period, the contents of starch reduced at the full floret primordium differentiation (June 1) obviously, it reduced from 1.62 % which at floret primordium initial differentiation(May 15th) to 0.84 % which at full floret primordium differentiation period(June 1). The soluble protein contents were low in early stage of flower bud differentiation (April 29th to June 1),which was up to 9.81 mg·g-1 on June 13th (pistil primordium appeared), the soluble protein contents reduced from the full differentiation period ( June 18th ). This indicated that the accumulations of sugar and soluble protein were benefit for the initial of flower bud differentiation, and they were consumed with the differentiation going on.5. The highest N,P,K,Zn contents in flower bud leaves reached to 18.28 g·kg-1, 3.87 mg·kg-1, 17.78 mg·kg-1, 28.19 mg·kg-1 at the initial differentiation phase, and then decreased in the process of female flower bud differentiation; the P and K contents in flower bud leaves were lower than that of leaf bud leaves in the most process of female bud differentiation phase, the N contents in flower bud leaves were lower than that of leaf bud leaves at the differentiation peak of flower bud.The changing rule of the Ca contents in flower bud leaves was similar to that of the leaf bud leaves, they were increased on the whole periods, but the Ca contents in flower bud leaves were lower than that of the leaf bud leaves. The Mg content in flower bud leaves were higher than that of the leaf bud leaves at initial bud differertitation(from April 29th to June 7), and then were lower than that of the leaf bud leaves from June 13th.The changing rule of the Mn contents in flower bud leaves was similar to that of the leaf bud leaves, the curves were similar to saddle. The changing rule of the Cu contents in flower bud leaves were similar to that of the leaf bud leaves, they were changed corrugated; the Cu contents in flower bud leaves were higher than that of the leaf bud leaves at early stage bud differertitation(from April 29th to June 7), and in other periods they were lower than that of the leaf bud leaves. The Zn contents in flower bud leaves were higher obviously than that of the leaf bud leaves at the initial flower bud differertitation periods (April 29th to May 27th) and vice spike and floret differertitation periods June 18th to July 18th). |
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