Molecular Study On The Classification And Phylogeny Of Chinese Wild Grapes

As one of the major original centers of Vitis species, China has abundant genetic resources in the world. So far, 38 species, 1 subspecies and 7 varieties of Chinese wild grapes were originated in China. The vitis germplasm resources were not only significant in the development of grape science, but also provided an indispensable evidence to clarify the origin, evolution and biodiversity of the Vitis in the world. In this research, 16 Chinese wild grape species and their relatives were used to study their phylogeny and classification by nuclear and chloroplast DNA analyses. The main results were shown as follows:(1) The classification of 16 Chinese wild grape species and their relatives were studied by ISSR markers. A total of 13 primers selected from 100 primers were used for ISSR amplification. A total of 185 bands were generated, of which 175 bands were polymorphic bands (the percentage of polymorphic band, PPB=94.6%). The bands size ranged from 300 to 2000bp. According to the results of ISSR amplification, the similarity coefficient were analyzed by NTSYSpc2.10e software, the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.57 to 0.99. The clustering dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA method to explore the taxonomic relationships among 81 Vitis materials. The 79 Euvitis materials were classified as 22 groups based on the clustering analysis of ISSR markers. Most of materials were coincided with traditional classification. So we determined ISSR molecular markers could be used as supplementary means to the traditional classification.(2)The ISSR primers UBC807, UBC810, UBC811, UBC812, UBC818, UBC826, UBC827, UBC835, UBC836, UBC855, UBC856, UBC868 and UBC890 screened from 100 primers could be applied to vitis molecular classification.(3) According to the results of ISSR clustering, we determined the'Maoputao 1099'as Vitis ficifolia Bunge. We confirmed'Wanxianyeputao'and'Fujianyeputao'belonged to V. pseudoreticulata W.T.Wang. We also found'Fujianyeputao'and'Huadongputao 1058'were synonym materials.(4) A total of 22 different types of vitis materials were used to constructed the Phylogenetic tree by the chloroplast DNA and ITS. The clustering results partial illustrated the genetic relationships of 22 Vitis materials, so we need further research of the Phylogenetic relationships on those materials by morphology and other means.(5) Chloroplast DNA sequences clustering results showed that the relationships of 22 Vitis materials were coincided with the continental geographical distribution, and the impact of the continental geographical isolation to the Vitis evolution was embodied in genetic information from maternal ancestor.(6) From the clustering results of cpDNA sequences and ITS sequences, we preliminarily determined'Yanshanputao 0947'was a interspecific hybrid, which female and male parent were one species of the Chinese wild grapes and V. riparia Michx., respectively. V. heyneana Roem.& Schult subsp.ficifolia(Bge.) C.L.Li. could be a separate species from this result.