| Species diversity, mycofloristic characters and the relationship between habitat of macrofungi and different phytocoenose in Chebaling National Nature Reserve were studied systematically in this paper.More than 1375 specimens were acuminated after twelve times collection in Chebaling National Nature Reserve from 2010 to 2011. Three hundred and seventy-nine species in 103 genera,55 families,20 orders,7 classes were identified, including a new record genus to China:Heinemannomyces, three new records to China:Heinemannomyces splendidissima Watling. Entoloma amplisporum Corner & E. Horak; Gymnopus aff. nivalis (Luthi & Plomb) Antonin & Noordel, and a new record to china Mainland:Gymnopilus crociphyllus (Cooke & Massee) Pegler.owSix hundred and eighteen species were used to analysis the macrobiota component and geographical elements of Chebaling's macrofungi were analazed for the first time. The materials including the 1375 specimens collected by the author, the specimens deposited in the Fungal Heribarum of Guangdong Insistute of Microbiology, and the poroid fungi in Insistute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University. They belong to 171 genera,63 families,21 orders and 7 classes. The results showed Chebaling is rich in macrobiota components of macrofungi. There are 452 species with a proportion of 73.02% included in 22 preponderance families with a tatio of 34.9%, and each family contain more than 10 species. Three hundred and seventy-four species in 36 dominant genera (each more than 5 species) occupied 60.42% were identified. The 36 genera is taking up 20.53% of all the recognized genera in Chebaling National Nature Reserve. The 171 genera were divided into 6 geographical elements, i.e.110 Cosmopo litan element (64.33%),30 Pantropical element (17.54%),18 North temperate element (10.53%),5 Tropical Asia & Tropical Africa element (1.17%), East Asia & North 6 America element (3.51%), Mediterranean sea & west 2 Asia to central Asia (1.17%). The results indicate that the macrofungi geography macrobiota in Chebaling National Nature Reserve has obvious transition zonality characters.The relationship between macrofungi and habitat was studied according to the impaction of vegetation types and seasons to macrofungi diversity. The forest vegetation in Chebaling were divided into six types (B,C,D,E,F,I). The differences among them are:there is only 1 species owned by all, and its ratio to macrofungi in each vegetation forms is respectively 2.44%,1.85%,1.81%,2.70%,2.13%,2.86%, meanwhile, the ratio of endemic species in the six types is respectively 37.1%,57.41%,54.55%,54.05%, 59.57%,51.43%. The results show that the fungal diversity in different plant communities have significant difference. The subtropical zone evergreen broadleaf forest richest in fungi diversity because of variety of vegetation, fertility of soil and moist environment, and the middle subtropical- scrub- grass hillside is the second one. The reverse is bamboo-broad-leaved intermingle fores which was interfered severely. We can speculate that the fungal deversity also affected by human activities except the variety of vegetation. And the fungal deversity and biomass have positive correlation with temperature and more closely relationship with precipitation. August is the most prolific month of macrofungi, in, and only a few species occurs in the winter for the low temperature and the dry weather.
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