| During the period of 1996-1998 years, for accelerating the development of beef cattle of Yunnan province, 105, 8 and 10 heads of the Simmental cattle were imported from Canada, American and Australian, respectively. All the female cattle and 12 male cattle were accessed into the pasture of Yunnan Breeder Field for breeding after the quarantine of 60 days. By analyzing, processing and stating the data of Simmental cattle during the quarantine and pasture of breeding from 1996 to 2005, the conclusions were educed as follow:1. The Simmental cattle, which closed to expected date of childbirth, were transferred by bus, plane and bus. After that, the cattle were suffered stress such as collecting blood. As a result, the percent of dystocia and abortion were higher and reached 80% of lying-in-cattle. During the quarantine, the death rate was reached to 26. 67% because of dystocia and abortion. During the quarantine, the first generation calves whose mother were the Simmental cattle imported from Canada and American were showed higher incidence of disease and up to 68.5%, 100% and 66.1%, respectively, because the Simmental cattle were imported from the area of north latitude 40°and no tick to the subtropical area north latitude 25°. The incidence of urgent and sub-urgent were 52. 25%, 90. 9% and 33. 9%. The death rate also was higher and closed to 7. 6%, 18. 2% and 6. 5%, respectively.2. From 1996 to 2004, the incidence of diseases averagely was 53.2%, 21.0%, 32.0% and 79.7% for calves, heifer, cow and ox, respectively. At same time, the death rate was 18.3%, 4.7%, 5.6% and 8.5%, respectively. The incidence of disease was decreased with increasing of year. There were 147 death cattle from 1996 to 2004. Because of verminosis, internal medicine disease, obstetric disease, zymosis and other diseases, the death rate was 60.4%, 12.7%, 11.0%, 6.2% and 9.7%, respectively. For calves, heifer and matured cattle, the verminosis was the major reason that produced high death rate and up to 82.5% (66/80) , 68.8% (11/16) and 23.5% (12/51) . The major reason, which caused high death rate of calves, was babesiasis, ascariasis, coccidiosis, pneumonia and toxicosis, which the death rate was reached to 30.0%, 22.5%, 18.8%, 11.3%, 7.5% and 7.5%. The major reason, which caused high death rate if matured cattle, was babesiasis, obstetric disease, verminosis, internal medicine disease which death rate was 19.6%, 31.4%, 23.5% and 21.6% of dead matured cattle. At same time, the incidence of some diseases relate with management such as bouffant disease, milk fever, post partum massive haemorrhage, uterine emersion, toxicity and suddenness death reached to 20.5% in total. The ration of dead calves, heifer and matured cattle in dead cattle were 54.4%, 10.9% and 34.7%, respectively. The key point that decreased number of dead cattle was good management for calves and before and after calving for female cattle. 3. The calving rate, calf survive index and breed survive index were 75.5%, 85.6% and 64.5%, respectively There were not significant difference from 1997 to 2004.4. there were not significant difference on birth weight of male cattle born from 1996 to 2004 in Yunnan province. The body weight was 44.76 kg on average and lower 6.79 kg than cattle born in Canada. The body weight of 6 months was 198.84 Kg and lower 178.25 kg than cattle born in Canada.5. the birth weight of female cattle was 42.50 Kg averagely and lower 0.98 kg than female cattle born in Canada. However, the birth weight of female cattle born after 1999 was lower 2.75 kg than female cattle born in Canada. The body weight born in Yunnan province before 5 years old was significantly lower than female cattle born in Canada, especially 2 years old. The body weight of 1 year old was 408.43 kg, while female cattle born in Yunnan province were 247.86 kg, 239.78 kg and 282.18 kg, respectively. The body weight of female cattle can reach more than 400 kg. However, with improvement of management, the body weight of 1.5 years old female cattle born in 1994 was remarkly higher than female cattle born from 1996 to 2003. The body weight of imported female cattle would be consistent with female cattle born in Yunnan province.6. By using the model of LW(kg) = A+B(1-e-k*y), the growth curve could be simulated for Simmental cattle which born in Canada and born in Yunnan province from 1996 to 1998, from 1999 to 2003 and 2004. the square of correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9245, 0.9873, 0.9818 and 0.9916, respectively. The averagely expected error (|observed -expected value |/ observed value) in different stages was 7.01%, 7.52%, 6.32% and 6.09%. The equation was showed as follow:Imported cattle: LW(kg) = 47.87 + 535.95 * (1-e-1.1157)Female cattle born from 1996 to 1998: LW(kg)=53.22+558.93* (1-e-0.3979*y)Female cattle born from 1999 to 2003: LW(kg)=41.84+588.60*(1-e-0.4153*y)Female cattle born from 2004 LW(kg)=40.37+450.51 (1-e<sub>-0.7514*y)The growth rate (k) of imported cattle was siginificantly higher than female cattle born in Yunnan province. The growth rate of female cattle born in 2004 was remarkly increased with adapting good management and feeding system. However, the body weight imported female cattle was closed to female cattle born in Yunnan in different years in province and reached to 600 kg with increasing of ages. |
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