Effects Of Silicon Fertilizer On The Growth And Development, Yield And Quality Of Paddy Rice

The effects of silicon fertilizer on yield and quality of rice were studied with the three-line rice hybrid "Xinong you1" in Southwest university farm during 2006. The main results were as follows:1. Effects on the yield of paddy riceThe quadratic responses were obtained between grain yield and Si rate within 0～150 kgSi/hm² in Southwest university farm. The yield increased with 0～150kgSi / hm². Compared with blank (0 kgSi/hm²), the average yield of applying silicon fertilizer could increase 6.51%. When Si rate increased continually, yield increased insignificantly and even decreased. Compared with blank (0 kgSi/hm²), the highest yield of applying silicon fertilizer was 561.02 kg/667 m² increasing the yield by 11.27% .The productive panicles and grain number per panicle increased insignificantly and even decreased when Si rate increased continually. Compared with blank (0 kgSi/hm²), the productive panicles and grain number per panicle increased by 9.87% and 10.18%. With 90 kgSi / hm², the productive panicles and grain number per panicle were highest. The silicon has fertilized the rise handling the seed setting percentage, effect is not big but to the weight of a thousand seeds , has not demonstrated certain regularity. The correlativity being in progress analyses the factor output is composed , output is being related to the productive panicles, reality grain number per panicle, seed setting percentage . The optimum multivariant linearity return equation building output and the properties room is: Y =-35.134 +14.949 X₃ +4.515 X₄-2.372X₅ + 4.549 X₇, can perceive paddy rice after exerting silicon fertilizer , take form mainly by affecting the productive panicles, percentage of panicles, grain number per panicle, seed setting percentage.2. Effects on the quality of paddy riceResponse of rice quality traits to silicon fertilizer was different. Silicon fertilizer no obvious influence to rice milling quality and protein content, but could reduce the appearance of the paddy rice quality and amylose content, and could increase the rice's stewing quality and eating taste. Output composed, Si rate and rice quality carried out relevance analysis , Si rate and chalkiness rate, chalkiness degree presented positive relevance, but output, productive panicles and the milled rice percentage presente negative notable relevance.3. Mechanism of effects of silicon fertilizer on the growth and development of paddy rice3.1 The variety of chlorophyllThe silicon fertilizer applied on rice could improve chlorophyll contents obviously in later stage.The average chlorophyll contents have increased by 2.50% , 1.18% , 4.33% in the heading stage , filling stage and ripening stage ,compared with blank (0 kgSi/hm²). With increasing Si rate, the chlorophyll contents increased firstly and then decreased in same stage. With 90 kgSi / hm², the chlorophyll contents was highest.The chlorophyll contents increased with 0～150 kgSi / hm².3.2 Effects on the root system of the paddy rice vigourThe silicon fertilizer improveed the root system of the paddy rice vigour which increased firstly and then decreased .Vigor of rice root was ranked as heading stage< ripening stage2). With 90 kgSi / hm², the vigor of rice root was highest. The vigor of rice root increased with 0～150 kgSi/hm².3.3 Contents of celluloseThe silicon fertilizer could increase cellulose contents by a big margin obviously in later stage of rice which increased firstly and then decreased in same stage. Compared with blank (0 kgSi/hm²), the cellulose contents were higher with 30～150kgSi / hm².3.4 Effects on absorption of mineral nutritionN , P , K , Si used together could promoted an effect obviously to paddy rice nutrient sorption which were beneficial to establishing nutrition condition and the physiology supersession be in progress regularly. Paddy rice established general accumulation of Si amounts and N , P , K accumulation amounts assume the extremely notable negative relevance in later period of rice .Silicon fertilizer equally employed level in 30～90 kgSi / hm² could promoted the obsorbtion of N , K. With 30～150kgSi / hm², P was absorbed increasing in paddy rice .In the mean time , Si promoted the Si accumulation in paddy rice .To sum it up, high yield and good quality could be well coordinated at a relatively high level by applying optimum Si rate 60～120 kg / hm². And the N, P , K utilization efficiency could increase synchronously with silicon fertilizer applying.