Effect Of Silicon Fertilizer On Growth And Yield And Quality Of Spring Wheat

Wheat silicon fertilizer technology has been applied in a large scale in recent years, but research onabsorption, operation and utilization mechanism of wheat silicon is less and effect of silicon fertilizer on wheatphysiological function and formation process of yield and quality are not clear. Therefore, effect of differentamount of silicon fertilizer on population formation, photosynthetisis, nutrient absorption and formations ofgrain yield and quality were studied adopting the mothed of two factors field randomized block trials and baseapplication0-75kg·hm-2sodium-silicate fertilizer,6processing(15kg·hm-2sodium-silicate betweenprocessing) and using the two different types of spring wheat cultivars (Longmai26and Kehan16) ofHeilongjiang province as experimental materials. The results are as follows:1. Base application moderate silicon fertilizer improved the photosynthetic area of wheat before jointingstage and increased content of chlorophyll of photosynthetic leaves at the late growth stage and improved theleaf non-stomatal limitation which increased the leaf photosynthetic rate and increased the dry matteraccumulation of vegetative organs and increased ratios of grain and leaf and better coordinated relationshipbetween source and sink effectively. However, leaf stomatal conductance and water use efficiency decreasedso that photosynthetic rate decreased when silicon fertilizer exceed60kg·hm-2.2. Base application moderate silicon fertilizer improved the NPK elements absorption and utilizationeffectively and increased production efficiency of major element varying degree, but there was also nutrientelement antagonism absorption on different types of varieties, especially reduced the stem and leaf nitrogentransfer efficiency so that nitrogen harvest index decreased.3. Base application moderate silicon fertilizer increased wheat resistance, prevent the presenility offunctional leaves later stage effectively and increased effective spikelet number and increased grain numberper spike of water-liking and non-density tolerance type of spring wheat and increased effective harvest spikesof drought-resistant and density tolerance type of spring wheat so that their yield per unit increased. The yieldof the former increased by14.20%under the30kg·hm-2; the yield of the latter increased by14.70%under the60kg·hm-2. Too much applying amount of silicon fertilizer made the yield reduce.4. Base application moderate silicon fertilizer promoted the formation of gluten proteins of thewater-liking type of spring wheat, increased the flour water absorption, but reduced the gluten index. Byincreasing dough formation time and dough stability time and tensile resistance and stretch ratio, rheologicalproperties of dough improved. But there was not great influence on the quality of drought-resistant type ofspring wheat.