Effects Of Silicon And Potassium On Rice Growth Yield And Quality

China has a long history of rice cultivation,and is also one of the world's historical origins of rice.The area of rice planting is basically maintained at more than 30 million hectares,with a yield of more than 200 million tons.Rice is a typical silicon-loving crop.It needs more silicon,which is close to the demand for a large number of elements.Rice is also a food crop with high potassium demand.Potassium is one of the indispensable nutrient elements in rice.Potassium is closely related to the metabolic process of rice growth and development and the increase of rice stress resistance.Different amounts of silicon and potassium fertilizers have certain effects on rice growth and development,rice quality and yield.In this study,Dongnong 427,a cold japonica rice,was selected as the test material,and 16 ratios of silicon and potassium were set up to study the indices of rice growth and development,indices of rice quality and yield under different ratios of silicon and potassium fertilizers.Differences in constituent factors.The main results are as follows:1.The effects of different ratios of silicon and potassium on rice growth and development are different.The leaf age of rice increased first and then stabilized with the growth period.The highest leaf age treatment was Si2K2.The plant height of rice increased gradually with the development of growth period,and the effect of silicon fertilizer on plant height was not obvious.Under the condition of applying potassium fertilizer,the appropriate combination of silicon and potassium treatment(Si2K2)had the most obvious effect on the increase of rice plant height.The tillering number of rice increased gradually with the progress of growth period.The tiller number of rice with high silicon fertilizer Si3K0 was the highest when silicon fertilizer was applied alone.With the increase of potassium fertilizer,the effect of silicon fertilizer on Tillering was gradually reduced.Under low potassium fertilizer,the effect of Si2K1 on Tillering number of rice was the most obvious.Under medium potassium fertilizer,adequate silicon fertilizer could significantly promote tillering of rice.Under sufficient potassium fertilizer,adequate silicon fertilizer could significantly promote tillering of rice.The tillering of rice in the early growth stage promoted the growth of rice,but not in the late growth stage.Different ratios of silicon and potassium fertilizers at full heading and mature stages of rice could significantly affect the accumulation of dry matter in rice.At full heading stage,compared with other Silicon-potassium fertilizers with different ratios,Silicon-potassium fertilizer with Si2K2 had the most significant effect on dry matter accumulation.2.The effects of different ratios of silicon and potassium on rice quality were different.The chalkiness and chalky grain rate of rice were the lowest and the appearance quality was the best under the treatment of Si2K2.The combination of silicon and potassium can affect the cooking quality of rice.Under Si3K0 treatment,rice had the lowest amylose content,the best soft and waxy taste and the highest toughness and elasticity.Under Si2K2 treatment,rice had the highest gel consistency and the best nutritional quality.3.The effects of different ratios of silicon and potassium on rice yield are different.In terms of yield components,the number of effective panicles,total grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight of rice were the highest under treatment Si3K2.The combination of silicon and potassium could improve the seed setting rate of rice to a certain extent,but the effect did not reach significant difference.Under the reasonable combination of silicon and potassium treatment of Si3K2,the seed setting rate of rice was the highest.Generally speaking,reasonable application of silicon and potassium can increase rice yield mainly by increasing the number of effective panicles and total grains per panicle,increasing population spikelets and 1000-grain weight,thus increasing rice yield.Among them,the yield of rice was the highest under Si3K2 treatment,and the yield of rice was the highest under Si3K2 treatment,which was significantly different from other treatments except Si2K3.Therefore,rational application of Si3K2 fertilizer could significantly increase the yield.