Selection Of Elite Corylus Heterophylla F.tree And Half-sib Progeny Test

Hazel is an oil-woody plant, whose nut is not only delicious but also good for people's health. Corylus heterophylla F. trees are widely distributed. But at present, there are some problems: (1) The productivity level and the yield per tree are all low. The nut quality is also inferior. So it is necessary to select and improve new varieties. (2) A lot of resources of Corylus heterophylla F. haven't exploited. So it is important to develop the new resources. (3) Corylus avellana L., the introduced species, is inadaptable to Chinese environment and can't exert it's productive potentiality .Twenty six elite trees of Corylus heterophylla F. were collected in this research, including 22 Mountain Tai trees and 4 Mountain Meng trees. Based on measuration and evaluation in the morphological and physiological index of nut, we can reelect elite trees with better genetic characters from 26 trees. On the base of determination and evaluation in morphological and physiological-biochemical index of progenies, we can select superior families with good characters. The fatty acid components were analyzed through GC-9A gas chromatography and their relative contents were determined by area normalization method with chromatogram workstation. Anova, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and cluster were employed to analyze the data.The result was that:(1) The result of nut genetic parameter was that the heritabilities of nut length, nut weight, kernel weight, nut rate and kernel rate were all above 90%, and genetic gains were all above 70%, while heritabilities of starch, protein and crude fat content were all above 90% and their genetic gains were above 400%. The result of correlation analysis was that there was significantly positive correlation between nut length and nut weight, while oleic acid and linoleic acid were all significantly correlated to fat content. The direct genetic path coefficient of nut length on nut weight was 0.85.(2) Single-trait selection: The nut of T₁₄^# tree was the longest and it was 1.65cm long. The nut weight of T₁^# tree was the biggest, whose nut weight was 2.5g. The kernel rate of T₅^#, M₂^# and M₄^# was 32.31%, 32.85% and 38.5%, respectively. And their coefficient of variation was 0.14, 0.07 and 0.05, respectively. Three trees, T₁₇^#, T₂₂^# and M₄^#, were selected to be elite trees with highest crude fat contents, whose average was 66.39%, 67.66% and 65.39, respectively. With highest oleic acid contents, the average of T₂₂^#, M₁^# and M₄^# was 87.02%, 87.17% and 87.01%, respectively. But T₁^# and T₁₄^# were selected to be elite trees with highest linoleic acid content, whose average was 17.94% and 18.29%. With highest total unsaturated fatty acid content, however, the average of T₁₆^# and T₁₈^#, was 96.58% and 96.43%, respectively.(3) The result of comprehensive evaluation showed that T₉^#, T₁₄^#, T₁₅^#, T18^# and M4^# selected to be elite trees. The nut weight, nut rate, fat content, protein content, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content and total unsaturated fatty acid content of T9^# tree was 1.97g, 66.94%, 47.81%, 24.23%, 76.44%, 17.5% and 94.68%, respectively. The nut weight, nut length, nut rate, kernel rate, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content and total unsaturated fatty acid content of T14^# tree was 2.12g, 1.65cm, 66.29%, 21.06%, 76.28%, 18.29% and 95.26%, respectively. The nut weight, kernel weight, nut rate, kernel rate, fat content, protein content, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content and total unsaturated fatty acid content of M4^# tree was 1.62g, 0.65g 71.62%, 38.5%, 65.39%, 14.56%, 87.01%, 7.03% and 95.27%, respectively.(4) The result of halt-sib family genetic parameter was that the family heritabilities of individual biomass and seedling height were all above 80%, and their individual heritabilities were all above 67%, while their family heritabilities and individual heritabilities were all above 90%. The seedling height and ground diameter were remarkable positive correlation to biomass through correlation analysis. And the direct path coefficient of seedling on individual biomass is 1.45.(5) The result of comprehensive evaluation with indexes of Corylus heterophylla F. families showed that T₁₀^#, T₁₃^# and M₁^# were superior families. The individual biomass, seedling height, ground diameter, net photosynthesis rate was 35g, 97cm, 0.98cm, 16.85μmol/m²/s; and its chla content, chlb content , chl(a+b) content, CAT and POD activity was 1.31mg/g, 0.45mg/g, 1.78mg/g, 53.01ODmin-1g-1FW and 19.64ODmin-1g-1FW, respectively. The chla content, chlb content and chl(a+b) content of T₁₃^# tree was 1.29mg/g, 0.52mg/g and 1.83mg/g, respectively. In term of M₁^# tree, the individual biomass, seedling height, ground diameter and number of leaves was 24.98g, 90cm, 0.87cm and 27, respectively; and its net photosynthesis rate, chla content, chlb content , chl(a+b) content, CAT and POD activity was 2.04μmol/m²/s, 0.94mg/g, 0.31mg/g, 1.27mg/g, 24.66ODmin^-1g^-1FW and 11.72ODmin^-1g^-1FW, respectively.This is the first study on Corylus heterophylla F.to selecte elite trees.The genetic variation of half-sib family progeny was also discussed in this paper. And this study is important for the exploration and utilization of Corylus heterophylla F. germplasm resource.