| Corylus heterophylla F. is widely distributed in our country. The Corylus heterophylla in Tieling has a long history. So far, it has entered the artificial cultivation, but we still not bred varieties. In order to directing the selection of superior varieties of Corylus heterophylla F., the molecular genetic diversity and population structure of Corylus heterophylla F.populations from Tieling were analyzed using SSR markers. Through using the method of principal component analysis, the study of superior individual selection was carried out. The main results are as follows:1. The optimum annealing temperature of 56 published SSR primers were selected.12 SSR primers of clear and varierty polymorphism stripe were selected.2. A total of 75 alleles were successfully amplified, and the average number of alleles was 6.25. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.5356 and 0.6157 respectively. The high levels of gene diversity (H=0.6132) and Shannon’s diversity (l=1.2742) revealed relatively rich genetic diversity in Corylus heterophylla F.populations from Tieling.The genetic differentiation among populations was low. This consisted with low genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst= 0.0616), strong gene flow (Nm=1.5993), low genetic distance (GD<0.2145) and high genetic identity (GI>0.8069).124 populations deviated from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium at most loci and lacked of heterozygosity.3. Clustering analysis showed that 124 Corylus heterophylla F. could be divided into three groups, the first groups included 50 individuals of Huangjingou,18 individuals of Xiaohongshi and 5 individuals of Kaiyuan. The second group included 7 individuals of Huangjingou,5 individuals of Xiaohongshi and 15 individuals of Kaiyuan. The third group was 27 individuals of Huangjingou.4. The yield of cultivation Corylus heterophylla was between 10.8 g and 561.2 g and the average was 185.0 g. The yield of wild Corylus heterophylla was between 8.7 g and 146.0 g and the average yield of 56.0 g. The production of cultivation Corylus heterophylla was obviously higher than the wild one. The indexes of Corylus heterophylla were large except shaftdiameter and diameter. Compared with the cultivation hazelnut, the indexes of wild hazelnut were lower except for the height of tree, the length annual branches, the roughness of annual branches. The shell thickness of the wild hazel was sick.The difference for kernel rate of cultivation hazel and wild hazel was not significant, while the rest were significant difference.5.Through cluster analysis, the thin shell thickness and high kernel rate superior individuals could be selected from the 5 class of cultivation Corylus heterophylla (shell thickness from 1.32mm to 1.75mm, kernel rate from 0.394 to 0.464) and the 4 class of wild Corylus heterophylla (shell thickness from 1.21mm to 1.48 mm, kernel rate from 0.434 to 0.475). The heavy nut and kernel superior individuals could be selected from the 6 class of cultivation Corylus heterophylla (nut weight from 1.998g to 2.010 g, kernel weighs from 0.826g to 0.826 g) and the 5 class of wild Corylus heterophylla (nut weight from 1.565g to 1.775 g, kernel weighs 0.557g to 0.557 g).The per area yield of individual ZP50 and ZP83 reached 503.8 g and 503.8 g. The highest per area yield was plant YS50 (146.0 g).6. Through the principal component analysis,6 superior nuts quality cultivation Corylus heterophylla individuals and 4 wild Corylus heterophylla individuals were selected.5 superior high-yield cultivation hazel and 3 wild hazel individuals had also been selected. And 4 superior cultivation hazel and 3 wild hazel individuals were selected according to the both two indexes. Plant ZP51 and YS50 not only had high yield, but also good quality. The nut weight, kernel weight and unit area yield of plant ZP51 was 19.14%,22.93%,3.81% and 22.93% higher than the average level of cultivation hazel respectively. These indexes of plant YS50 was 50.40%,38.62% and 145.49% higher than the average level of wild hazel respectively. The nuts quality of plant ZP59 and ZP5 was excellent. The production indexes of plant ZP50, YS1 and YS36 were superior.7. The nearly genetic relationship between plant gathered for a class in the molecular clustering. Only part of the plants was conformably in the molecular clustering and morphological index clustering. |
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