The Effect And Interaction Of Irrigation And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Physiological Characteristics, Yield And Quality Of Peanut

The study was to prove up the effect and interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the physiological characteristics , yield and quality of peanut by controlled the water and nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment was carried out in the experimental station and the crop high yield physiological lab of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China. The main results were as follow:2. Effect and interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and development , leaf physiological characteristics at different stagesThere were differences in the effects on the growth and development and leaf physiological characteristics at different growth stages. Water stress accelerated the growth and development of N0 at the flowering stage and pod setting stage, but it restrained that of N20.The water stress at different growth stage declined the content of the chlorophyll and the FV/F0, FV/FM,ΦPSⅡ, decreased the Pn. It also declined the content of Pr and the activity of NR. But it increased the content of Proline and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT. Which of decreasing or increasing ranges were different at different growth stages. That is flowering stage>pod setting stage>pod filling stage. This indicated that flowering stage was the most sensitive to water stress, and the second was pod setting stage, the third was pod filling stage. The aforementioned physiological indexes at irrigating or water stress conditions in three growth stages were also different,that is pod setting stage>flowering stage>pod filling stage. This indicated that pod setting stage is vigorous growth stage and pod filling stage is vegetative organ senescence stage. Applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase aforementioned indexes, improve the capability of drought resistance, delay peanut senescence. The capability of drought resistance of Nongda 818 was higher than that of Luhua 11.2. Effect of water stress and rewatering on the physiological characters in peanut leaves at flowering stageThe drought increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase (POD) andcatalase (CAT), enhenced the content of the malondialdeyde (MDA) and Proline, and with the continuing of water stress that of increasing ranges were extended. The drought also declined the Pn, Tr, Gs, Ci, WUE , the content of Pr and the activity of NR, and with the continuing of water stress that of decreasing ranges were extended. Applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase aforementioned indexes at water stress condition, and improved the capability of drought resistance. After rewatering the aforementioned indexes were all recovered at the first day, and reached the level of CK at the third or eighth day. That indicate peanut has strong recover ability to water stress. The capability of drought hardiness of Nongda 818 was higher than that of Luhua 11.3. Effect and interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on water critical indexes at different growth stagesWater stress at different growth stage declined the leaf WP and WC . The WP and WC of the third leaf from top when leaf wilting beginning at different growth stages were flowering stage>pod setting stage>pod filling stage. The soil moisture content when leaf wilting beginning at different growth stages were also flowering stage>pod setting stage>pod filling stage. This improved that peanut at the flowering stage needed the most water and was the most sensitive to drought , and the second was at pod setting stage , pod filling stage needed the least water.4. Effect and interaction of irrigation and nitrogen on kernel quality of peanutWater stress at the three growth stage increased the content of the soluble sugar in the peanut kernel. This increasing action was the most evident at pod setting stage, and the second was at pod filling stage, the third was at flowering stage. Applying nitrogen fertilizer also increased the content of the soluble sugar.Water stress at the three growth stage decreased the fat acid content of peanut kernel. This decreasing action was the most evident at floweromg stage, and the second was at pod filling stage, the third was at pod setting stage. Applying nitrogen fertilizer also increased the content of the soluble sugar. On the contrary, the water stress at the three growth stage increased the protein content of peanut kernel.Water stress at the three growth stage declined the content of the Palm acid, Stearic acid, Linoleic acid and the ratio of oleic/linoleic acid. The range of decreasing was the most at pod setting stage. The least was at pod filling stage. Applying nitrogen fertilizer increased the content of the Palm acid, Stearic acid, Linoleic acid and the ratio of oleic/linoleic acid. The aforementioned fatty acid content of Luhua11 was less than that of Nongda818.5. Effect and interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and its componentsWater stress in the three growth stage declined the yield. Flowering stage was the most sensitive to drought, so the reduction of yield t was most evident, and the second was at pod setting stage , the third was at pod filling stage.Applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase the pod yield of peanut. The water had more effect on peanut yield than that of nitrogen fertilizer.