| China is the largest producer and exporter of Agaricus bisporus in the world, accounting for 20% production of the world's annual output. The introduction of new varieties and the reform of the cultivation technology will have a great impact on the development of China's edible fungi industry. In this paper, two strains of Agaricus bisporus (one introduced from Australia, the other a major commercial strain in China): Portabellos and As2796 were studied. By systematic and comprehensive comparison of mycelia growth characteristics, agronomic traits, the distinctive characteristics and respective advantages were conducted between Portabellos and As2796．In-depth analysis and evaluation of the potentials for promoting its large-scale cultivation in China of the introduced strain was given. Meanwhile, it was also recommended to incorporate the excellent traits of both strains in a new hybrid by crossing. The genetic relationship of the two strains, the factors for spore germination, the shape of the single spore strains and genetic characteristics, matching, etc., have been studied in depth for future reference.In the meantime, the main channel for the sales of Agaricus bisporus in China is export, and "green barriers" are likely to be encountered. Taking in the background of the mushroom industry in Fujian, a study on the relationship between food safety and the effective control in mushroom production was also conducted. The results were:First, the introduced strain, Portabellos fits Chinese cultivation conditions, and has three advantages over As2796．First, its mycelia have higher thermo-tolerance, the fruiting period can be extended at high temperatures, to overlap that of the peak production period of As2796; In addition, the color of its fruiting body is brown, browning is not easy, and hence a longer shelf life, bringing more varieties to the mono-color market in China, providing more choices to consumers; Finally, although its yield is slightly lower than As2796, its profitability is higher than the domestic strains because of its high price. Excellent characteristics of both strains were found, laying foundations for future crossing programmes.Second, by preliminarily study of mushrooms hybridization, Portabellos was clarified the same species as Agaricus bisporus As2796．It has far heredity distance with domestic strains. The two kinds can be used as parents to breed a better strains with each of their advantages. Spore germination factors were studied and it was observed that the length of storage of the spores, the temperature for spore germination, the concentration of spores, and other factors such as cytokinin have effects on spore germination. This offers guidance to the culturing of the single-sporic strains of mushroom, and single-sporic strains with significant differences in the morphology were obtained. Molecular markers of these strains were analyzed, and it was found that the single-sporic strains had no difference at molecular level, and before finding the hyphal morphological markers for the homokaryotic single-sporic strains, the hyphal appearance should not be used to decide whether the single-sporic strain is the homokaryotic single-sporic strain to be used for crossing.Third, the research on the food security of the mushroom showed that in cultivation conditions of Fujian Province, the production is in full compliance with Fujian local standard "Quality and Safety Requirements of Edible fungs" when the As,Pb,Cd,Hg at 4．04 mg·kg, 2．0mg·kg, 1．16mg·kg, 1．14 mg·kg in compost and the As,Pb,Cd,Hg at 12．16 mg·kg, 118 mg·kg, 3．0 mg·kg, 1．13 mg·kg in casing soil.
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