Study On Inducing Polyploid Lines And The Ploidy Testing Of Fodder Beet

Fodder beet is a mutation of beet planting specific(Beta vulgaris , Chenopodiaceae ),it has many characteristics such as weighty fleshy root,luxuriance phyllome,excellent quality of dainty and high biology production, so it is a high yield,all wool and a yard wide feed crop. Recent years, with the development of livestock farming and cultivation, cultivated area of fodder beet was increased more and more, and it is in urgent requirement to high yield and quality fodder beet variety. But now, the research of fodder beet is not enough thorough, especially on the research of polyploid in China is still in vacancy, so it makes the fertility quality and value in use of polyploid fodder beet weren't be proper utilized.It is extraordinarily important to select tetraploid lines for breeding fodder beet polyploid varieties, in this study, made No.1 Tiansi which pertains to diploid variety of fodder beet as the base material, then induced tetraploid fodder beets with colchicine. Discussed the inducing effects of different inducing methods, morphologic and cytology differences of diploid and tetraploid fodder beets, then founded ploidy distinguish function based on stoma characters, provided theories for fast testing and selecting tetraploid fodder beet. Meanwhile, had principium exploration on tissue culture system of fodder beet, all these works were purpose to provide pure parent materials with tissue culture for excellent triploid hybrid species. The results were showed as follows:1.Inducing tetraploid fodder beet with the two methods, immersing seeds and dipping growing point of seedling, the results shows variety combinations of colchicine concentration and processing time have different effects in different inducing methods, discussing from average effect of colchicine concentration, 0.4% and 0.3% concentrations have better inducing effect. Dipping seeds in the colchicum of 0.3% concentration for six days gained the high inducing rate of 12.37%, dropping growing point of seedling for nine days gained the high rate of 30%.2.Ploidy test of induced plants in the initial stage can carry out through observing leaf appearance of plants in field. Compared diploid fodder beet with tetraploid fodder beet, tetraploid plants put up characteristics of bigger and thicker dark green leaf, more folds on leaf, stronger footstalk and so on .we can take those characters as the advancing index in testing tetraploid fodder beet. 3.For purpose of finding a speediness and exact way on testing induced plants, researched on the stomata characters of different diploid fodder beet, the results referred that different ploidies have significant differences in the length and width of stomata and chloroplast number of guard cell. The length and width of stoma in tetraploid plants are longer than diploid one, the rate of length and width is 1.5 in tetraploid and only 1.2 in diploid; the average chloroplast number in stoma guard cell increase with the increase of ploidy, the average chloroplast number in diploid and tetraploid varieties are 13.69 and 23.24.4.According to abundance mensuration of length, width and chloroplast number of diploid and tetraploid fodder beet, founded ploidy distinguish function, consequently, elicited speediness flow for testing the ploidy of fodder beet.5.Through two steps, advancing cultivation and inducing differentiation, principium founded tissue culture system of fodder beet with explant from footstalk, so established foundation for inducing polyploid fodder beet with tissue culture and enlarging reproduction.