Tissue Culture And Tetraploid Breeding Of Artemisia Annua L.

Chinese medicine "Qinghao" is Artemisia annua L.. With Artemisia apiacea in taxology, it belongs to Artemisia of Compositae. Artemisin distilled from Artemisia annua L. is the best medicine with the highest efficency, the best effect and the lowest toxicity in treating ague nowadays. But, at present, the content of artemisin in Artemisia annua L.is very low rifely. So, a study on the breeding of autotetraploid of Artemisia annua L. by tissue culture was done with a view to develop superior varieties ofArtemisia annua L. with high yield and good quality. 1 The establishment and optimization of the technique and methods of tissue culture of Artemisia annua L..The experiments on the induction and differentiation of Callus, the subculture of cultured materials and rooting of plantlets were done. The results indicated that callus can easily be induced from anthotaxy and leaves of Artemisia annua L. plantlets on MS BA0.5mgL^-1+NAA1.0mgL^-1 medium with the inducement ratio 80%, and the callus can differentiate into strong green plantlets on MS+BA8.0mgL^-1+ IAA1.0mgL^-1 medium. The medium containing MS+BA2.0mgL^-1 +KT2.0mgL^-1 was proved to be proper in crowd buds propagation. The rooting ratio of the plantlets on 1/2MS+NAA 1.0mgL^-1 medium was 100%. 2 The method in chromosome identification of cultured material of Artemisia annua L. was optimized.A good procedure was developed after doing a series of experiments. By using the method, autotetraploids were identified from cultured plantlets of Artemisia annua L. 3 The induction of autotetraploid plant of Artemisia annua L. in the process of tissue culture.The obtained results indicated that autotetraploid can be induced by adding suitable concentration of colchicine in medium in tissue culture or by immersing the crowd buds in colchicine solution for a period of time prior to culture. The best method was proved to be by this way: First immersed in 0.05% colchicine solution,then placed in the medium contained 50mgL^-1 colchicine. Although the death ratio is the highest, the inducing ratio reached as high as 69.2%.4 On the condition of the opitimised chromosome identification, we have identified 10 autotetraploid individual plant system.We have chosen 6 individual plant system that showed wide and rough leaf, strong stem and big root for further study. At the same time, we accerate quick propagation for further comparation study in the field.5 The transplant ofplantlets.The results of transplant experiments showed that under suitable weather condition about 85.8% plantlets survived when transplanted from nutrient medium to soil.6 The identification and observation of agronomic characteristics of autotetraploid lines.The obtained results demonstrated that autotetraploid plants grew vigorously and showed wide and rough leaves,strong stems and big roots. These agronomic characteristics demonstrated the typical characters of polyploidy plants.7 The artemisin content measurement of the transplants.There is big difference in artemisin between diploid and autotetraploid transplants which provides some references for further choosing higher production plantlets.8 The general estimate of the growth ratio, agronomic characteristics and artemisin content of the tetraploid.By the general estimate, 5 transplants system were chosen for further study in the field. Their artemisin content and growth ratio surpassed the comparative diploid...