The Identification Of Waxy Type And Character Analysis On Black Kernel Waxy Wheat

The common wheat has 3 different Wx protein subunits, namedWx-A1, Wx-B1 and Wx-D1.When the wheat lacking all the 3subunits, the amylase content in the wheat endosperm are nearly null and we call it whole waxy wheat. The waxy wheat has many advantage, such as high amylopectin content, low gelatinization temperature , high peak viscosity ,high swelling potential and so on. The waxy wheat has broad applications in foodstuffs and industry .The content of protein, the essential amino acids, trace elements and dietary fiber of black kernel wheat are all higher than white wheat. The content of Vitamin C and carotenoid are also higher than white wheat, while the soluble sugar of black kernel wheat is less than common wheat. The foods from black kernel wheat have a high nutritional value. Hybridizing black kernel wheat with the waxy wheat, the selection and breeding of black kernel waxy wheat is a new type of wheat material in food industry, and also has important significance in wheat breeding. This trial researching on the 30 black kernel waxy wheat which were selected and bred by our research centers, aim at offering basic materials for breeding selection new variety of black kernel waxy wheat. We research and analyze the grains color, waxy character, HMW-GS subunits compositions and agronomic characters. Results and main findings:1 The trial use full waxy wheat to hybridize with black kernel Wheat in generations. Screening the grains color of wheat and identification waxy character of 30 advanced lines in the improved I2–KI method and SDS-PAGE eletrophoresis, This trial successfully integrates the black kernel character and waxy character together, breeds the material of black kernel waxy wheat. Through continuously and multi-grain identification we finally ascertain the 7 materials 1004(8),1007(13),1008-3(14),1009-3(16),1018-2(26),1018-4(27),1021-1(30)to be black kernel waxy wheat.2 The improved I2–KI method has rather good practicability, which can solve the problem that the transverse of black kernel wheat is blue and don't fit to identify the waxy character in normal I2–KI method.3 The trial improve the test methods of Zhi-Fen Pan, whose extraction method of Wx protein subunit is convenient, prolonging the using time of buffer,changing the fixed liquid stationary liquids to 75mL ethanol +60 mL acetate +15 mL distilled water and fixed overnight. The improved method has a good experimental effect on SDS-PAGE eletrophoresis to identify the waxy type of wheats, whose stripes of amplification were distinctive.4 Through the analysis of agronomic traits of 30 advanced lines, we find that all the trial materials didn't inherit the disadvantages of parental materials, like excessive plant height and lodging. The agronomic characters of 7 black kernel waxy wheat are middling.1008-3(14) and 1020-1(30) this two materials have the better yield characters, and are suitable for the further improvement of breeding.5 Analyzing of the high molecular weight-glutenin subunits of the 30 advanced lines, we find that materials 1013-4(22)and1036(33)contain 5+10 subunits, and parental material 204-1002 and lines 1002(7)16 materials contain 2.2+12 subunits. The results of experiment indicate that material of this trial has further study and use value in wheat quality research.