Study On Active Ingredients Of Datura Stramonium L. For Killing Rat

The killing active ingredients of Datura stramonium for rat were systemic researched in this paper. Results are as below:1. The chemical ingredients of Datura stramonium were pretested. The results showed that there were many chemical ingredients in Datura stramonium,including alkaloid,tannin,steroid,terpene,flavone,anthraquinone and glycosides,coumarins and glycosides,saponins,essential oil,fat,amino acid and polysaccharide and others.2. The rat killing activity was determined. The results indicated that Datura stramonium in different phage had different rat killing activity. When sample content was 15%,the rat killing from August,September and October were seperately 20%,60% and 30%.,while the sample content was 20%,the rat killing from August,September and October were seperately 50%,90% and 70%. So the rat killing of Datura stramonium from September is the strongest. At the same time,The sex effected the rat killing poison of Datura stramonium. The rat killing toxicity was determinated by infusion. The tolerated dose of rat to Datura stramonium was 4～16 g·kg-1,LD50=7.04 g·kg-1.3. In titrimetric method,methyl red-bromocresol green was elected as indicator which help to get high content of total alkaloids in Datura stramonium comparing to the methyl red indicator in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005); In Ultraviolet spectrophtonetric method,obtain the content of total alkaloids of the sample from August,September and October were seperately 0.78 mg·g-1,3.44 mg·g-1,1.50 mg·g-1. The results showed that there was no significant difference(P>0.05)between two methods to determine the content of total alkaloids in Datura stramonium,while there was significant difference(P<0.01)in content of total alkaloids in Datura stramonium sample from different phage,that is,the sample content from September > the one from October > the one from August.4. Alkaloids in Datura stramonium were extracted by infiltration with acid ethanol. The optimized extract craft was:the total alkaloids in Datura stramonium was extracted mostly by extracting three times with 80% acid ethanol,pH=3(the rate of material to liquid 15∶1).5. The rat killing active ingredients of Datura stramonium were identified by activity track and column Chromatography. After identifying,they were scopolamine,R2 and R3. 6. The toxicity of scopolamine,R2 and R3 to rat were determined. The results showed that the tolerated dose range of rat to scopolamine was 25～200 mg·kg-1,LD50=60.89 g·kg-1; the tolerated dose range of rat to R2 was 50～200 mg·kg-1,LD50=113.47 g·kg-1; There was no significant acute toxicity of R3 to rat,which LD50 was not identified. Scopolamine and R2 belongs to nerve agents.7. After observation and determination indicators in subacute toxicity test,the target organ on which scopolamine acted was liver and kidney,and scopolamine affected the spleen and intestinal tract in some degree.