Primary Studies On Zantedeschia Elliotiana Engler By Tissue Rapid Propagation And Polyploidy Induction

Cally lily, perennial bulbs flower, was greatly loved by people, which was highly spoken of setting up with foliage and flowers. In this test, based on the previous studies, a best way of rapid propagation, a systemic tissue culture had been studied. This could be used for large-scale factory production, genus improvement and rapid propagation of improved varieties from abroad. Meanwhile, combined with chromosome engineering, the method and technology on selectively breeding new Zantedeschia ellictiana Engler's polyploidy germplasm had been studied. The purposes was in order to find the best of optional breeding method, through the foundation for its breeding times, and getting a lot of high-quality and high-yielding germplasm for the production of the new polyploid.Test materials with caly lily's yellow varieties, Zantedeschia ellictiana Engler, it was established a highly efficient regeneration system. And also, it was systematically studied on the compariaon and selection of different disinfection method with the explants, the selection of mediums, rooting plantlets and the transplant, etc. The results were showed as follows: to build an aseptic system of Zantedeschia ellictiana Engler, the first step was to get the sterilized explants, which was impacted on the trail process directly. From this test, it was found out that the best disinfectant by 0.1%HgCl₂ was 20 mins, whose asptic rate was 45%. If combined with soaking in 3g/L Carbendazim for 36 hours, it could reduce the explants' contamination apparently, the asptic rate was 90%. If combined with supplemented antibiotics in mediums (penicillin 20mg/L+ Nystatin 20mg/L), also the explants' contamination could be reduced by 6.67%. The best medium of Zantedeschia ellictiana Engler's side sprout and callus induction was MS+BA2.0mg/L+ NAA0.1mg/L+sucrose30g/L, the best one of following proliferation wass MS+BA1.0mg/L+ NAA0.2mg/L+sucrose30g/L, the best one to root was 1/2MS+IBA0.4mg/L+sucrose20g/L, 100% rooting rate, the suitable substrate for transplanting was humus soil, coconut husk and perlite at the ratio of 1:1:2. On the basis of its regeneration system in vitro, the polyploid was induced by the chemical induced method. Choosed Colchicine and Oryzalin as the induced chemical reagents, and small buds from callus tissue differentiation as the induced objects ,and the isolated soaking method was adopted. It was showed that both chemical reagents could induce polyploid successfully. However, the best was Oryzalin. 13.3% polyploid induced rate results from soaking in 0.05% Colchicine for 48 hours, while 23.3% of that in the promise of Oryzalin for 12 hours. Through the identification of chromosomes, the tetraploid from mutation, whose chromosomes number was 2n=4x=64.Compared with two types of chemical reagents, Oryzalin was able to deal with less time to receive a higher rate of induction using lower concentrations , that only caused little damage to the tissue.The tetraploid and the diploid were observed from the external morphology and cytology. It was showed that in the same stage of growth and environmental conditions, the tremendous sexual organs were reflected by tetraploid plants under the leaves. The blade's length and width were both greater than the diploids, whose length was 126.6 % than that of the diploids, and the width was 151.7%. But the shaped index was smaller, only 85.7% of the diploids. The tetraploid plants were growing more vigorous than the diploid with trunk sturdy and mast root. On the comparison of stomatal characteristics, the defending cell of the tetraploid increased significantly, whose diameter was about 143.2% than that of the diploid, longitudinal diameter was about 156.1%. The number of chloroplasts in the guard cell was noticeably increased, which was about 213.7% than the diploid. Anyways, the stomtal density of the tetraploid was decreased approximately 59.7% of the diploid.By measuring the conductivity of the diploid and the tetraploid and the changes of the catalase activity, the comparative study on heat was done by the diploid and the tetraploid of Zantedeschia ellictiana Engler. The results indicated that the electrical conductivity of diploid was 29.84μS·cm^-1 when stressed with 40℃, while that of tetraploid was 17.50μS·cm^-1. The electrical conductivity of tetraploid was significantly lower than that of diploid, whose differences were significant. Meanwhile, on the results of the activity of hydrogen peroxide, the tetraploid catalase activity was higher than that of the diploid stressed over 40℃with significant differences. Both of the indexes' results show that the heat resistance of the tetraploid was obviously stronger than that of the diploid on the stress over 40℃, the plants had greater temperature adaptability.