Effects Of Six Kinds Of Elements On The Physiological Characteristics In Three Grape Varieties

Effects of different concentrations of magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum on the contents of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutate(SOD), peroxidase(POD), nitrate Reductase(NR), soluble sugar contents, net photosynthetic rate and elements contents in leaves of three grape varieties(Red globe,Jingxiu,Chaojiwuhe)were studied under sand culture. The main results showed as follows:1. Under magnesium deficiency, after treated for 60 days, the chlorophyll contents, POD and NR activities decreased significantly, meanwhile, the content of soluble sugar increased markedly. It can be seen, the magnesium deficiency symptoms of grapes mainly exhibited in the medium period of growth. The contents of magnesium in leaves under magnesium deficiency and low magnesium concentrations were significantly lower than the control. There were differences among three varieties in the demand of magnesium, which displayed that Chaojiwuhe needed most, Jingxiu took the second place and Red globe needed least.2. Under iron deficiency, after treated for 60 days, the content of MDA, activities of POD and NR changed notably, so that the period between 30 to 60 days after treatment was the most sensitive period. The contents of Iron in leaves under iron deficiency and low iron concentrations were significantly lower than the control. There were differences among three varieties in the demand of iron, which showed that Red globe needed most, Jingxiu took the second place and Chaojiwuhe needed least.3.Under manganese deficiency, the content of chlorophyll, the activity of POD and net photosynthetic rate were significantly different from that in control group after 60 days. The contents of soluble sugar changed markedly after 90 days. Manganese should be supplied during the medium and later period of grape growth. There were differences among three varieties in the demand of manganese, which showed that Jingxiu needed most, Chaojiwuhe took the second place and Red globe needed least.4.Under zinc deficiency, the chlorophyll content, activities of SOD and POD were mostly different from the control after 120 days, the content of MDA, the NR activity changed mostly after 90 days and the content of soluble sugar and net photosynthetic rate changed mostly after 60 days. Supply of zinc during the medium and later period of grape growth was important. There were differences among three varieties in the demand of zinc, which showed that Red globe demanded most, Jingxiu took the second place and Chaojiwuhe demanded least.5.Under boron deficiency, the chlorophyll content, activities of NR and net photosynthetic rate were mostly different from the control after 60 days, the content of MDA, the POD activity and the content of soluble sugar changed mostly after 90 days and the activity of SOD changed mostly after 120 days. Supply of boron during the medium and later period of grape growth was important. There were differences among three varieties in the demand of boron, which showed that Chaojiwuhe needed most, Jingxiu took the second place and Red globe needed least.6. Under molybdenum deficiency, the content of chlorophyll, MDA and soluble sugar, activities of POD were mostly different from the control after 90 days, the activities of POD and NR and net photosynthetic rate changed mostly after 120 days. Supply of molybdenum during the medium and later period of grape growth was important. There were differences among three varieties in the demand of molybdenum, which showed that Chaojiwuhe demanded most,Red globe took the second place and Jingxiu demanded least.7.The sensitivity to six kinds of elements deficiencies in grape were iron, magnesium, manganese, zinc, molybdenum and boron in turn.