| Field experiments were carried out on the farm of Henan agricultural university,during 2004-2006, using two winter wheat cultivars with different gluten,i.e.Yumai 34(with strong-gluten)and Yumai 50(with soft-gluten).The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of different sulfur treatments on key enzyme activity involved in nitrogen and sulfur assimilation and photosynthetic characteristics in flag leaves,accumulation and transportation of dry matter,nitrogen and sulfur,characteristics of grain filling,grain yield and main quality traits of two winter wheat cultivars with different gluten,so as to provide some experimental foundations for reasonable sulfur application of winter wheat.The results were summarized as follows:1.Comparing with no sulfur application treatment,sulfur treatments could increase the activity of nitrate reducetase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS)and glutamic-pyruvic transaminaser(GPT)in flag leaves of two wheat cultivars.But the effects of sulfur treatments on the key enzyme activity of nitrogen were different.The NP,activity in S1 treatment was higher than S2 treatment in Yumai 34,but it was contrary in Yumai 50.The GS activity of S2 treatment was higher than S1 treatment in both cultivars.The GPT activity of S1 treatment was higher than S2 treatment in Yumai 34,but it was contrary in Yumai 50. OASS,key enzyme of sulfur assimilation,whose activity reduced with increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate, compared with no sulfur treatment.Comparing the two cultivars,the NR and GS activity of Yumai 34 were higher than Yumai 50,but the GPT and OASS activity were contrary.2.Comparing with no sulfur application treatment,flag leaf's chlorophyll(Ch1)content with the treatment of sulfur applications of Yumai 34 was increased within 20 days after anthesis,and flag leaf's net photosynthesis(P_n)was increased at 25 day after anthesis.Flag leaf's Chlorophyll(Ch1)and net photosynthesis(P_n)of all the treatments with sulfur application of Yumai 50 were higher than their respective control after anthesis.Chl of S2 was higher than S1 in both cultivars,and the Ch1 of Yumai 34 was higher than Yumai50.The filling stage of Yumai 34 was shorter than Yumai 50,but the Pn of Yumai 34 within 20 days after anthesis was higher than Yumai 50.The content of soluble protein in flag leaves and the leaf area index(LAI)increased with increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate,compared with no sulfur treatment.The content of soluble protein in flag leaves of Yumai 34 was higher than Yumai 50 before early filling stage,and it was contrary in the middle and late filling stage.The LAI of Yumai 34 was higher than Yumai 50 in all the life of wheat. 3.The changing of nitrogen content in plant presents a shape of "n",Yumai 34 reached the highest nitrogen content at turning green stage,while Yumai 50 reach the highest nitrogen content at elongation stage.The accumulation of dry matter in plant increased with increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate, compared with no sulfur treatment.Comparing two cultivars,the dry matter accumulation of Yumai 34 was lower than Yumai 50 at heading and flowering stage,but it was contrary in mature stage.Comparing with no sulfur treatment,sulfur treatments could increase the nitrogen content of both cultivars in plant, and the nitrogen content of S1 was higher than S2 at turning green,heading and mature stage in Yumai 34, and so as it in all the life of Yumai 50.Comparing the two cultivars,the nitrogen content of Yumai 34 was higher than Yumai 50 from elongation stage to heading stage.The dry matter and nitrogen reserved in vegetative organs before anthesis of sulfur applications of both cultivars were increased,and their transportation ratio(TR)and move ratio(MR)were increased too.Finally,comparing with no sulfur application treatment,grain weight and grain nitrogen accumulation of single stem of sulfur application treatments were increased in mature stage.4.The changing of sulfur content in plant of two cultivars present a shape of "n",and it reached the highest sulfur content at elongation stage.The sulfur content of plant was increased with the increasing sulfur fertilizer rate of the two cultivars.The accumulation of sulfur on the ground was increased from seedling stage to mature stage,and it was increased with the increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate.From elongation stage to flowering stage sulfur absorption entered the peak hour,and the stage uptake and stage uptake ratio in this period were increased with the increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate. The sulfur content of different organs of two cultivars was increased with the increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate.The sulfur accumulation of plant in two cnltivars was increased with the increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate.Before flowering,sulfur mainly distributed in leaf,but in maturity,there was 55%-60%sulfur distributed in grain of Yumai 34,and there was only 35.5%-36.5%sulfur distributed in grain of Yumai 50,and sulfur content of grain in Yumai 34 was higher than Yumai 50.The sulfur accumulation of different vegetable organs in single stem was increased with the increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate at flowering stage and mature stage.The sulfur accumulation of grain in both cultivars showed as S1＞S2＞S0.There were sulfur transferred to grain from leaf,glum and spike-stalk in grain filling stage of all treatments in two cultivars,and there was also sulfur transferred to grain from stem and sheath in S2 treatment of Yumai 50.There was 49.71%-50.27%sulfur of total sulfur accumulation in grain of Yumai 34 came from the sulfur redistribution of vegetable organs,and it was 53.81%-60.00%in Yumai 50.In different vegetable organs,leaf transferred the maximum sulfur to grain.The amount of transferred sulfur from vegetable organs of two cultivars increased with the increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate.5.Comparing with no sulfur application treatment,sulfur treatments could increase the grain yield of two cultivars,and the grain yield of S1 treatment was higher than S2 treatment,but there were no significant difference between S1 and S2 treatments in both cultivars.Comparing with no sulfur application treatment,grain yield of S1 and S2 treatments of Yumai 34 were increased by 10.69%and 6.55%,respectively,and grain yield of S1 and S2 treatments of Yumai 50 were increased by 9.78%and 4.07%,respectively.The range of increasing yield of S2 treatment was only half of S1 treatment in both cultivars.Comparing with no sulfur application treatment,sulfur treatments could increase the number of spikes,kernels per spike,grain wheat and grain filling rate of two cultivars.The number of spikes and kernels per spike of S1 treatment in Yumai 34 significantly increased compared with the control,and the kernels per spike and grain weight of S1 treatment in Yumai 50 significantly increased with the control.6.The content and yield of grain protein and starch of sulfur treatment in both cultivars were significantly increased comparing with the control,and S1 treatment was significantly higher than S2 treatment.Compared with the control,the content and yield of grain protein of S1 treatment in Yumai 34 were increased by 6.57%and 17.90%,respectively,and it was 10.87%and 21.72%in Yumal 50. Compared with the control,the content and yield of starch of S1 treatment in Yumai 34 were increased by 15.01%and 27.31%,respectively,and it was 21.00%and 32.81%in Yumai 50.The content of total amino acid and sulfur-content amino acid in flour of S2 treatment in Yumai 34 and S1 treatment in Yumai 50 were increased compared with no sulfur application treatment.Grain volume weight and the content of GMP,-SH and-S-S-of two cultivars increased with the increasing of sulfur fertilizer rate, comparing with the control.In conclusion,it was suggested that 20 kg/ha sulfur fertilizer would be applied in the condition of big amount of nitrogen fertilizer application(330kg/ha),so as to realize the high yield and high quality and high.efficient goal.
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