Effect Of Cake Fertilizer On The Pigment And Quality In Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves

The effect of different amount of cake fertilizer on the contents of different pigments, physiological biochemical characteristics, chemical components, mineral elements, neutral aroma constituents in the period of growth of middle tobacco leaves were studied. The results were as follows:1 There was tendencies of gradually decreasing in the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids of different growth stages in the pot experiment. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were increasing with the amount of cake fertilizer increasing. There were difference among total carotenoids contents in different treatments in different stages. The treatment of 50% cake fertilizer increased the accumulation of carotenoids.2 There was tendency of gradually decreasing in the activity of chlorophyllase in different growth stages. The activity of chlorophyllase of 50% cake fertilizer reached the highest in the early stage and existed differences among other treatments. The activity of LOX of total cake fertilizer reached the highest and 50% cake fertilizer was the second. There were tendency of increasing-decreasing in the activities of POD,SOD and CAT in the growing days of tobacco leaves. There existed remarkable differences in the activities of POD and SOD in different treatments. There was tendency decreasing- increasing in the content of MDA and sharply decreasing in the late tobacco growing stage. There was tendency of decreasing in the content of soluble protein and constant in the late stage. There obtained a difference among different treatments, which was total cake fertilizer>50% cake fertilizer> total chemical fertilizer.3 There was tendency of increasing in the first stage, then decreasing in the later period in the total content of neutral aroma. The total content of neutral aroma in the treatment of total cake fertilizer reached highest in the late stage. The content of neopytadiene in this treatment was higher than that of other treatments. The content of products of phenylalanine and Maillard reaction in total cake fertilizer treatment were higher than those of other treatments. There was tendency of decreasing in the first stage and increasing in the content of products of cemdrenoid. The content of cemdrenoid products of 50% cake fertilizer was the highest in the late stage. The contents of carotenoids degrading products showed that the tendency of decreasing-accumulating- decreasing in the growth stage of tobacco leaves. There was tendency of increasing in the content ofβ-damascenone in total cake fertilizer treatment. There was tendency of decreasing in the first stage and increasing in the later stage in the contents of dihydroactinolide and megastigmatrienone. 4β-damascenone was correlated positively with total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin in the growth periods of tobacco leaves. Dihydroactinolide was correlated positively withβ- carotene in the growth period. 3-hydrogen-β-damascone was correlated negatively with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, neoxanthin in the growth period. Neopytadiene was correlated negatively with total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin.5 The changing tendency of total sugar and reducing sugar were the same as above mentioned. The content of starch of total chemical fertilizer was higher than that of other treatments. There was tendency of increasing in the content of nicotine. The content of total nitrogen of 50% cake fertilizer was the highest in the late stage. The contents of P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and B of total cake fertilizer were higher than those of other treatments. The content of Ca of 50% cake fertilizer was the highest.6 There were difference among different treatments in the content ofβ- carotene, lutein, total carotenoids, products of carotenoids, and phenylalanine, which was total cake fertilizer> 50% cake fertilizer> total chemical fertilizer. There were a significant difference between 50% cake fertilizer and the other two treatments in products of cemdrenoid, which was 50% cake fertilizer>total chemical fertilizer >total cake fertilizer. There were a difference in the contents of nonvolatile organic acids, multi-element acids and unsaturated high fatty acids, which was total cake fertilizer> 50% cake fertilizer> total chemical fertilizer. There were difference in the content of total sugar, reducing sugar and the ratio of nitrogen and nicotine, which was 50% cake fertilizer> total cake fertilizer > total chemical fertilizer. There were difference in the contents of total nitrogen, starch, Chlorine, the ratio of potassium and Chlorine, which was total cake fertilizer > 50% cake fertilizer> total chemical fertilizer. There was significant difference between total nitrogen and Chlorine in different treatments. The ratio of sugar and nicotine of 50% cake fertilizer was the highest. The single leaf weight of tobacco, density of leaf fabric of tobacco leaves, Tensile strength of 50% cake fertilizer were higher than those of other treatments. The stem content and equilibrium moisture content of 50% cake fertilizer were the highest.7 Neopytadiene, dihydroactinolide, megastigmatrienone, 6- methyl-5-hepten-2-ketone, carotenoids degrading products were correlated positively withβ- carotene, lutein and total carotenoids. Isophorone, geranyl acetone,β- damascone and Farnesalacetone were correlated withβ- carotene, lutein and total carotenoids.β-damascenone was correlated positively withβ- carotene. Megastigmatrienone was correlated positively with total carotenoids and lutein. 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ketone was correlated negatively with total carotenoids.