The Assessment Of Reservoir Storage Of Soil Nutrient In Grain Crop Fields And The Technology System Of Rational Application Of Fertilizers In Wheat Of Zhuozhou

In this paper,for the problems of unclear soil fertility,unknown fertilizer efficiency and the blindness fertilization,with the implementation of the project of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation,methods of field trial and chemical analysis were adopted to study the reservoir storage of soil nutrient in grain crop fields and the technology system of the rational application of fertilizers to wheat in Zhuozhou.The results were as followed:1.According to the state of the project of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, the plentiful-lack index of available nutrient was established as followed:for alkali-hydrolyzadle N(N),＜48 mg/kg is very low,48～78 mg/kg low,79～117 mg/kg medium,＞117 mg/kg high;for available P(P),＜5.30 mg/kg is very low,5.30～12.50 mg/kg low,12.60～25 mg/kg medium,＞25 mg/kg high;for available K(K),＜36 mg/kg is very low, 36～68 mg/kg low,69～114 mg/kg medium,＞114 mg/kg high.2.The content of soil available nutrient of zhuozhou mainly distributed between low and middle level.The proportion within the scope of the very low were smaller.There were more than 50%soil of the alkali-hydrolyzadle N and available K in the middle level, and about 30%of the alkali-hydrolyzadle N and available K in the low level.The proportion of t he available P content at a high level was about 37.20%,and at the middle level 35.90%.The P in soil was higher.3.The content of different nutrient was variated in:change of soil organic matter in the rate of 6.32～35.83 g/kg,the coefficient variation was 29.72%,change of the soil available nutrient content was not the same,to the most obvious avail-P,the rate of change for the 4.00 to 91.60 mg/kg,the coefficient variation 68.81%,avail-N smaller the range, changes in the rate of 40～182 mg/kg,the coefficient of variation was 26.66%.The average of all soil nutrients are in the middle level of the plentiful-lack Index of available nutrient.4.Under the soil conditions of alkali-hydrolyzadle N 82 mg/kg,available P 16.70 mg/kg,available K 81.00mg/kg,fertilization can significantly improve the yield of wheat, and the relationship between the yield of wheat and the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was accorded with the rule of decreasing returns.Application Increasing of majorly impacted the spike number of wheat per hm²,and the application of P could affect the spike number and the grains per spike of wheat,and the application of potassium have a greater impact on the mature spike number and the 1000-grain weight of wheat.The different nutrient influenced yield component factors was depicted:N＞P＞K.5.The regression equation of the yield in wheat and the application of Nitrogen(N), Phosphate(P),Potassium(K)is:Y=4480.070+7.992N+6.636P+12.931K-0.019N²-0.019P² -0.038K²+0.021NP-0.001NK+0.002PK,R²=0.9815,and Yis the yield of wheat(kg/hm²),N is the application of pure Nitrogen(kg/hm²),P is the application of P₂O₅(kg/hm²),K is the application of K₂O(kg/hm²).The optimum application amounts of nutrient is:N=245.0 kg/hm²,P=216.6 kg/hm²,K=133.4 kg/hm²,the ratio of the each of nutrient is:N: P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.88:0.54.