Study On Introduction And Domestication Of Wild Plant Akebia Trifoliata Which Can Be Both Used As Herbal And Fruit Plant

Akebia trifoliata, a woody vines which belongs to Lardizabalaceae, is one of the medicinal resource plants of Mutong which is China's traditional medicinal materials, and its application history are thousand of years. In recent years, phytochemistry research found that fruit, seeds, stems vine contain17 kinds of nutrition ingredient, which are amino acids, VC, crude protein, reducing sugar,αandγ-linolenic acid, trace elements and so on; and 13 kinds of medicinal composition, which are Mutong-saponin compounds, oleanolic acid, hederagenin glycosides and so on. These components enable Akebia trifoliata to integrate medical care, nourishing effect together, and become material of beverage, pastry which belong to health food industry and pharmaceutical industry. Because of shortage of industry resource and the obvious supply-demand contradictions, the artificial cultivation becomes imperative. In China, research and development have just started. The South regions which take Zhangjiajie, Changde as representatives have get some fundamental achievements, but they can hardly satisfy the needs of the production. In order to resolve the regional supply-demand contradictions of Mutong resource, this paper combined Xi'an "15" agricultural science and technology research projects– Introduction and Cultivation of Jinshen Fruit and Studies on New Variety Breeding, under the conditions of cultivation, it first conducted Akebia trifoliata biological property, fine types breeding and propagation techniques studies for a period of nine years to explore artificial cultivation techniques of Akebia trifoliata in China's northern regions, this can provide the basis data for the follow-up industrialized development of Akebia trifoliata.1.Research on the phenological characteristics. Akebia trifoliata sprouts in mid February and last February, falls in later November, the annual growth period is about 266 days; it's flowering period continues about 25 days, from early April to the end of April; Fruit development phase is about 140 days, from the end of April to early September. The results show that the growth period of Akebia trifoliata in Huxian County is longer than the data which Zhangjiajie reported but fruit and flowering period is shorter than those in Zhangjiajie reports.2.Observation study of biological characteristics.(1)Under the condition of Cultivation, the variation of Akebia trifoliata character morphological was great, to leave carpel 1-9,female flowers perianth 3-5, palmatus duplicate leaf 3-5, individually also presents bipinnate leaves. There was a significant difference with the correlation reports under wild condition, which suggested that Akebia trifoliata have the abundent heredity background, and has the qualification of further economical character optimization and improvement.(2)For the first time found that the Akebia trifoliata pure flower bud is existent as well as a flower bud can form 1-5 inflorescences, the mixed inflorescences containing 2 female flowers was the main fructify inflorescence, is 93.3%of the total fructify inflorescence, but one female flower and many female flowers (3~7) inflorescence only is 6.7%. The fruit set percentage of mixed inflorescence which blossomed ahead of time was high, the fruit big and quality superior; The flower bud formed the past year had stronger fructify capacity, though the flower bud formed on shoot in the current year can blossom,wasn't fruiting.(3)According to the Observation of growth process, the growth of Akebia trifoliata shoot on April 20 is the growth peak, its accumulation growth present the obvious single "S" curve; May 10 to June 16 was the rapidly expansion stage. The growth of it's vertical,transverse diameter and volume present the obvious double"S"curve.3. According to the flowering and fruiting habit of Akebia trifoliata and manifestations of phonological rhythms, the southern Guanzhong plain and northern foot of Qinling was considered suitable for planting Akebia trifoliata, and the productive potential is tremendous.4. In the process of the introduction and domestication, selected two excellent types according to the excellent selection method of economic forest trees, they were JinShen 1,JinShen No.2. It was testified steady economic characters by testing in the small cultivation areas.5. On the basis of breeding experiments, we think that Akebia trifoliata can open nursery for planting in the Huxian county region. The survival rate has closely relationship with the treatment methods of seed and the thickness of covered soil. The treatment of seed should take the method of storage preservation by moist sand and the suitable thickness of the covered soil is 3-5cm. At the aspects of asexual production, the paper explored the period of the cuttings, the length of the cutting, and the influence of the method of treatments on plants survival rate. It is first time using chipped grafting and considered the grafting is another other important method of the excellent types of the Akebia trifoliata's propagation. The best suitable period of grafting is during late July and mid-august.