Akebia Histochemical And Active Ingredients Accumulation Under

Akebia trifoliate (Thunb.) Koidz. is a deciduous woody vine, which belongs to Lardizabalaceae. It distribute in many provinces in China. Aristolochia manshuriensis kom. was forbidden because it can lead to nepropathy. A. trifoliata has been concernt as one of the original medicinal plants . Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that triterpenoid saponins is mainly active ingredients in A. trifoliata. It have been wide use in the diuretic, antibacterial, anticancer, etc. There are a wide range of development and application of value.In this paper, Saponins was located in all vegetative organs (roots, stems and leaves) by histochemical localization. The wild A. trifoliata and culture samples in Shaanxi Zhen'an were investigated. The main active ingredient content of all samples determined by high-performance liquid chromatography contrast with ecological factors, season, age, shape and apparent factors ,seeking to clarify the rule of active component of A. trifoliata generating, storing and accumulating ,and therefore the results can be a reference for wild upbringing, reasonable harvest and medicinal plants GAP so as to improve the quality of medicine production .It is also conducive fox A. trifoliata resources protection and rational development.The main experimental results:1. Saponins are found in all of the vegetative organs of A. trifoliata. There are mainly in the palisade tissue and spongy tissue of leaves and pith and pith ray of stems and phloem and pith ray of root. The materials of different developmental stages and different parts of vegetative organs have been done and the rudiment conclusion is that saponins derived from the assimilation tissue of plants in A. trifoliata, including leaves and young green stems. As a major part, the leaves display most visible colored cells and such as petiole, tender stems and green stems, they are all observed a large number of colored cells in epidermis and cortex. Mature stems have a thin periderm and the amount of colored cell and coloring degree were reduced in cortex. There is no colored cell in the cortex of old stem. It mean that, the assimilation cells gradually reduced following the stem mature and the colored cells and coloring degree reduce accordingly. A. trifoliata depends on phloem to transport organic matter as other plant. Leaf, petiole, root and the different developmental stages of stem, they are all observed the colored cells in phloem. It is general that the old roots and the old stem can been observed a colored cell area in phloem. Pith is also an important colored part. The root and stem of A. trifoliata have broad pith ray and it can be strongly colored in this aero no matter infancy stem, old stem or old root. In addition, the pith of stem is also a clear colored part, especially in mature stem where periderm just forms. The purple liquid globelet and retiform material can be observed clearly in colored pith, but pith in old stem display weak coloring and only see some liquid globelet material vaguely.Age is the main influencing factor for active ingredient of A. trifoliate. It was negatively correlated with oleanolic acid. The age of sample rang from 7 to 18. In this age group, the accumulation of the active ingredient will be negatively correlated. Ecological factors affected obviously hederagenin accumulation, and its accumulation and slope showed significant negative correlation. It is speculated that steeper slope lead to less soil moisture and the hederagenin accumulation is relative soil moisture. Canopy density and active ingredient are also negatively relative, according to histochemical findings, it can be interpreted that the greater canopy density lead weaker assimilation, resulting in less of saponins. In general, ecological factor role is subject to age factor, only in certain age groups, ecological factors show a significant correlation with active ingredient. Over this certain age group, the role of the age will cover up the ecological factors. For seasonal factor, the sample in Fruit off period is better than in florescence and young fruit period. Thus, some of the literature recorded that A. trifoliata should be collected in the autumn or winter is correct. Leaves have great value as a new source of drug, the experimental result show leaves of current year branches have significant difference from leaves of perennial branches, so, as a medicine, the level and quality of leaf from current year branches is far better than from perennial branches.