| In order to know ovary morphology and dynamic change, and follicle development of mare in breeding season and non-breeding season,to control of ovarian function effectively ,to adjust and control of horse breeding and physiological process,and to obtained the horse breeding potential,mares ovary were observed by B-mode ultrasonic imaging technology. In Xinjiang pastoral grazing horse farm,5 non-pregnant Yili mares and 4 pregnant Yili mares after ovulation in breeding seasons(May to July) and 8 non-pregnant Yili mares in non-breeding season (August to October) were observed by B-mode ultrasongraphy daily or every other day.The ovary follicular number and follicular diameter for both sides were observed and recorded for one estrous cycle or 40 days.The follicle diameter of≤10mm named as small follicle,10mm～35mm as middle follicle,≥35mm in diameter as big follicle in the non-breeding season.In breeding season, 3 have two follicle wave respectively and 2 have one follicle wave respectively for 5 non-pregnant mares in one estrus, and 4 pregnant mares after ovulation have follicle-wave changes .In non-breeding season ,during the observation period,2 mares have estrus cycle and other 6 without,and these mares exist ovarian follicle wave of dynamic change,5 mares have two follicular wave and 3 mares have one follicular wave.the diameter and the number of follicle of the mare were significant differences(P<0.05)in breeding season and non-breeding season. It suggested that mare in one estrus cycle has 1 to 2 follicle wave in the breeding season, mare ovary has follicle-wave changes in the non-breeding seasonand mare is not strictly seasonal breeding animal.In order to know the hormones effect on mare, for control ovarian activity and the estrous cycle, and improve horse herd reproductive rate, the mares with ovarian quiescence(OQ), delayed ovulation(DO), corpus luteum (CL)and follicle≤35mm were treated with different hormones, The ovary were checked with rectal palpation and ultrasongraphy.During the non-breeding season, when mares were treated with FSH, hCG, eCG, follicular number and diameter had no significant increase. During the breeding season:(1) when Ovarian quiescence horses were treated with hCG, 3(100%) were estrous in 3-7 days.(2) When mares ovulated 6 days later,a treatment with PG resulted in luteolysis in 7(77.78%) mares within 5-8 days.(3) When mares were treated with extracts of equine pituitary glands(EEPG), the big follicular number and diameter had a significant increase. From the results, it concludes that mares are insensitive to treatment of FSH , eCG and hCG in non-breeding season and they are sensitive to extracts of equine pituitary glands, hCG, LH and GnRH analogy in a rank in breeding season, and PG can resulted in luteolysis in mares.
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