| The recoreded number of wheat landraces in China is maxium amounting to 13976 over the world. In the 1950s to 1960s, two landraces Daruma (Bodhidharma) and Akafomughi (red wheat) with dwarf genes Rt1, Rht2 and Rht8, Rht9 were explored, and a revolutionary change named "green revolution." in wheat breeding was undergone, therefore the deployment and utilization of desirable genes from landraces play an important role in the sustainable development of wheat breeding and production in China and the world.In this study, these parameters including disease resistance, agronomic characters, HMW-GS composition, gliadin composition were investigated with 560 landraces from Yungui Plateau and Sichuan Basin subsidiary region as materials and SSR was also employed using some materials having the same name. Genetic diversity was revealed and desirable materials explored, providing a theoretical basis for variety identification and resource management.Analysis of genetic diversity of agronomic characters for all tested materials showed that in the aspect of spike characters, long awn, white shell, red grain were respctively predominant when it comes to awn length, shell color, and grain color of landraces in Yungui Plateau and Sichuan Basin subsidiary region; In the stripe rust disease resistance aspect, there were no landraces of free infection in Sichuan basin subsidiary region, and 30 materials were free infection of stripe rustm in Yungui plateau subsidiary region, and middle-resistance was predominant for all the materials; In the main agronomic traits aspect, landraces in the two subsidiary region were featured with height over 85 centimeters, kernel number 30～50.g, spike length 5.8～9.5cm, 1000 kernel weight 30～50g for 258 materials in Yungui plateau and 25～40g for 155 materials in Sichuan basin.Allele variance of high molecuLar weight gluten subunits (HWM-GS) was analyzed using SDS-PAGE method with 560 wheat landraces. The resuLts showed that there were 22 alleles on Glu-1 loci, 4 alleles on Glu-Al loci, 11 alleles on Glu-B1 loci, 7 alleles on Glu-D1l loci. The frequencies of nuL1, 7+8, 2+12 alleles were highest respectively on the Glu-Al,Glu-Bl and Glu-D1 loci, reaching 89.64%, 68.21%, 96.43% respectively. There were 46 types of subunit composition, and predominant were nuL1/7+8/2+12 and nuL1/7+9/2+12 types with frequency 50.89%, 11.79% respectively. The materials with elite subunits of 1,2*,17+18,14+15,5+10 etc, were selected, 52 of which had elite subunits combination.The standard gliadin fingerprint and database of 560 southwestern winter wheat landraces had been estanblished using A-PAGE method. There were 102 gliadin bands with different relative mobility. Among them,ω,γ,βandα-gliadin had 35, 22,24 and 21 bands respectively, and genetic diversity index ofω,γ,βandαwere 0.1825,0.2484,0.2423 and 0.2208 respectively.Through selection of the 72 same named landraces among 560 materials, three kinds of same named landraces with higher number were selected, namely 15 Tieke, 13 Honghua and 8 Guangtou wheat. Through analysis of their HWM-GS, gliadin bands, SSR resuLts, and agronomic traits, 2 types of same named landraces were selected, including 2 Tieke from Yunnan with prescriped number XM000939 and XM000940 respectively and 2 Guangtou from Guizhou with prescriped number ZM011762 and ZM0117632. The 2 types of same named landraces showed consistency in such agronomic traits as awn length, shell color and grain color, toghthered with analysis of HWM-GS, gliadin bands and SSR resuLts revealed that the 2 types of landraces having the same name was the same material.
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