Analysis Genetic Diversity Of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) Germplasm Resources In Qinghai Province

Faba bean, as the only agricultural export product of Qinghai, plays a significant role in the local agriculture economy. The planting of faba bean has a long history and is widely spread. After long term cultivation and domestication under special ecosystem, the faba bean diversified into various breeds. Great progresses have been made in improving the quality of Qinghai faba bean breed, but systematically study of their genetic diversities are barely done. Meantime, the restriction of the market place results in low use efficiency of resources, and narrowed the breeding goal and genetic bases for improvement. The qualities of the breeds failed to satisfy the market and to meet the current demand of diverse breeds. A combination of methodology of AFLP and morphological analysis is applied in this thesis to study the genetic diversities of 153 accessions of faba beans. The main results of this thesis are described as follows:1. The results showed high morphological diversity among the 153 tested accessions, with a diversity index of 0.8033 in average. The average diversity index of Qinghai local faba bean germplasm was 0.8288, which was higher than both breeding lines from Qinghai and foreign accessions. And 148 accessions from the total 153 genetic resources were analyzed using AFLP methodology, the result is that 207 polymorphic bands of 311 bands were amplified. 198 polymorphic bands with a rate of 63.67% in polymorphism, were detected in the Qinghai local varieties. 34 polymorphic bands, with a rate of 10.93% in polymorphism, were detected breeding varieties in Qinghai . 97 polymorphic bands, with a rate of 31.19% were detected in introduced genetic resources. The Shannon's Index also showed highest diversity value in Qinghai local landraces (0.4951) and lowest (0.3911) in Qinghai local commercial varieties of faba bean.2. The average of Pair Similar Coefficient is 0.8281, ranges from 0.5820—1.0000 , which 148 accessions from the total 153 genetic resources were analyzed using AFLP methodology. Their kinship showed is close. The average of Pair Similar Coefficient is 0.8084, 0.9704, 0.9444, of local, breeding and foreign genetic resources, and is 0.8200, 0.8280, of local genetic resources between with breeding and forging's. This showed there is wide genetic background from local genetic resources and narrow genetic base from breeding.3. In PCA analysis, the first six principal components represented 87.89% of the morphological information. 61 polymorphic loci were detected by AFLP to identify variety.4. Based on the morphological data, 153 accessions were clustered into 3 groups and 9 subgroups, there are 3 types genetic resources in same group or subgroups, but bases on the AFLP data, 148 accessions were clustered into 3 groups, and 13 subgroups, the evaluation to accessions must base on morphological traits and molecular biology with aim of breeding.