Study On Compositions Of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit And Molecular Markers In Spring Wheat

62 cultivars (lines) from other provinces and 58 spring advanced lines were used to analyze high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) combinations using Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) techniques. The results showed that the frequencies of 1, 7+8, 5+10 subunits and their combination were higher than that of others in the tested cultivars. There were 3, 6 and 3 alleles at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci in imported cultivars, respectively, among which the dominant alleles were subunit 1 (43.5%), 7+8 (37.1%) or 17+18 (22.6%) and 5+10 (61.3%). In addition, a rare subunit 13+16 was found. There were 3, 5 and 2 alleles at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci in advanced lines, respectively, among which the dominant alleles were subunit 1 (63.8%), 7+8 (48.3%) and 5+10 (79.3%). 21 types HMW-GS combinations have been observed with the combination of 5+10 up to 61.9%. Frequency of 1/7+8/5+10, 1/17+18/5+10, 2*/7+8/5+10, 2*/17+18, 5+10, null/7+8/5+10 and null/17+18/5+10 was 23.3%, 5.0%, 3.3%, 5.8%, 5.8% and 1.7%, respectively.Wheat bread-making quality is associated with allelic pairs at Glu-D1 locus, designated 1Dx5 1Dy10 and 1Dx2-1Dy12, respectively. The specific PCR marker of 1Dx5 was applied to detect the presence of the HMW-glutenin 1Dx5 gene in 112 wheat varieties. The results showed that the PCR marker could amplify a 478bp fragment in 84 varieties, which comprising 1Dx5 gene, while other 28 varieties and negative control did not show the specific product, the frequency of 1Dx5 subunits was 75%. Also the results were corresponding to those by protein SDS-PAGE, which indicated that this marker was reliable and effective. The stable system for the identification of 1Dx5 Gene in wheat by AS-PCR was established. It could improve marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding and DNA-based identification of wheat varieties.In order to provide a objective evaluation for the choice of the hybrids in the wheat quality breeding, the heritability of agronomic characters in F3 isolated groups were estimated and the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) for 30 of F3 plants were analyzed by SDS-PAGE technology. The results were as follows:1. In the three crosses, the broad-sense heritability (H²B) of the effective tillers were lowest , while the H2B of infertile spikelets, plant height and grain weight were higher. The various characters H2B in 06F₃-22 groups and 06F₃-32 groups were higher than in 06F₃-33.2. In F₃ generation, there are subunit Null and 1 at Glu-A1. Frequency of subunit Null is 56.7%, 16.7% and56.7% in 06F₃-22, 06 F₃-32 and 06F₃-33, respectively, others are subunit 1. At Glu-B1 loci there are 7, 22, 7+9 three types, 8, 7+8 two types and 22 in the F₃ of Inanab91×Ningchun11, Ningchun29×Seri82/yin11 and Yongliang16×Inanab91, respectively. At Glu-D1 loci, there are 5+10, 2+12, 2+5+10 three types, 2+5+10 two types and 5+10, respectively.3. There were many high quality subunits polymer, such as 1/7+8/5+10, 1/22/5+10, 1/7/5+10, and the incomplete or absent expression subunits in F₃ generation.4. The frequency of reorganizational subunit composition in all wheat subunit compositions was 80%.