| This paper included three parts; The first trial was studied on effect of different doses of malate (0,3,6,9,12mM/L) on rumen fermentation of cashmere goat in batch culture. The culture substrates were two types of diets with concentrate to roughage ratio of 3:7and 2:8, the aim was to select suitable malate dose of supplement; Part two was studied on the effect of malate on fermentation activity of forage diet by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in pure culture. In the third trial, 12 white cashmere goats of half-sib with rumen fistula were used to determining the effect of malate on rumen fermentation and performance of which fed 3:7 and 2:8 diet. The results were as follows:(1) The results of batch culture showed that the effects of malate on rumen fermentation were different under different diets with forage to concentrate ratio. According to MFAEI, optimal supplemental doses of malate in 3:7 diet and 2:8 diet were 6mM/L and 9mM/L respectively, so the addition of malate in diets of cashmere goat were 12.8g/d and 19.3g/d respectively in vivo.(2) The results of pure culture of Ruminococcus flavefaciens showed that adding malate in the forage diets improved the fermentation activity, furthermore the gas production, pH, the concentration of NH3-N and TVFA, DM and NDF degradation, the number of cellulolytic bacteria of 2:8 diet group and 3:7 diet group were higher than that of grass group.(3) When different ratio of concentrate to roughage were fed in diet of Cashmere goat, concentration of NH3-N, MCP and TVFA in the rumen were higher in 3:7 diet than that in 2:8 group, while ruminal pH was higher in 2:8 diet. Both of two diets, adding malate decreased rumen NH3-N concentration, lactate concentration and A/P ratio, but increased rumen pH, concentration of MCP, acetate, propionate, butyrate and TVFA, but there was no significant difference (P﹥0.05).(4) Numbers of ruminal bacteria and S.Ruminantium in Cashmere goat were higher in 3:7 diet group than that in 2:8 group.The number of cellulolytic bacteria was higher with feeding 2:8 diet group.In the two diets of malate supplement, the number of such three kinds of bacteria was higher than that in the control group. The number of three kinds of bacteria in cashmere goats fed 3:7 diet had significant difference after feeding 4h and 12h, while in 2:8diet, significant difference appeared after feeding 12h (P﹤0.05).Experimental results of nutrient passage rates showed that rumen Kp of feeding 3:7 diet was lower than that of feeding 2:8 diet. After adding malate, Kp in the rumen decreased. Meanwhile ,adding malate also could improve total flowing of DM,OM,NDF and ADF in the rumen, while the flowing of those in the duodenum was decreased, in other words, the amount of disappearance of NDF and ADF was increased in the gastric area.(6) Daily gain and performance in Cashmere goat was increased by adding malate in diet. With comparing to dietary adifferent concentrate to roughage ratio, daily gain and performance of feeding 3:7 diet group was higher than that of feeding 2:8 diet group,... |
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