Seasonal Effects On Rumen Fermentation Characteristics And Microorganism Of Inner Mongolian Cashmere Goats

In order to deeply know current situation of methane emission of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats, further study and explore genetic resources of diversity of methane bacteria in rumen of cashmere goats, supplement knowledge in the field of archaea in rumen, improve animal production performance and control greenhouse effect, comparative study is conducted on fermentation property of rumen of different kinds of cashmere goats and on determination on quantity and nature of methane bacteria and related microbe thereof produced in the rumen respectively in summer (August) and winter (February) through modern molecular biological techniques, aiming to ascertain the effect of seasonal change and variety type on production of methane, and methane bacteria and related microbe in the rumen of cashmere goats.Experiment one, seasonal effects on rumen fermentation characteristics of Inner Mon golian cashmere goats.The results showed that the contents of dry matter and crude fiber in forage which the Inner Mongolia white down producing goat including Arbas-. Erlangshan and Alxa intake in winter are higher than in summer, while the crude protein is converse. The type of breeds and climate, geographical environment have a significant e ffect on rumen fermentation characteristics of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. Moreover, the rumen pH value in Arbas is higher than the other two types,the concentration of NH3-N showed extremely higher in summer compared with wint er. The concentrations of VFA was 69.74 mmol/L which is the highest in summer, while it was 16.41 mmol/L which is the lowest in winter in Alxa cashmere goats.Experiment two, seasonal effects on amount of rumen microbe of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats.Variety type, climate, geographical environment have some influence on methanogen, as well as on related microbe groups of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. Alxa had the highest average quantity of methanogen in rumen, Erlangshan came second, and Arbas was the lowest,with the figures of 7.02×108 copy/mL,3.96×108 copy/mL,3.25×108 copy/mL respectively. The average number of the rumen methanogens which three types of Inner Mongolia white down producing goat released in summer were higher than in winter, the average were respectively 7.59 ×108 copies/mL and 1.96 ×108 copies/mL;the average of Cellulose decomposition microbes in winter showed significantly greater than in summer,the average were respectively 1.45 ×1011 copies/mLL�'� 4.80 X 1010 copies/mL.The number of protozoa in rumen was influenced largely by seasonal effects, it was highly significant when it comes to the value in summer of three groups, and larger than that in winter among all three types.The average of protozoa in summer and winter were respectively 3.13 X 105 numbers/mL、8.18 X 104numbers/mL.In type terms, Alxa saw the most number of protozoa in both summer and winter.Experiment three, seasonal effects on the diversity of methanogens in rumen of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats.Based on high throughput sequencing,15486 strips of valid base sequence were obtained. Among those there were 1249 OTU-type,32 dominant types were got eventually after the data processing. In different seasons, it was different in the ratio of OTU-type from various types of white cashmere goats. Methanobrevibacte can be identified as dominant methanogen within the rumen of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats, with an average percentage of 94.98%, Methanosphaera took the second place with 4.96%. Meanwhile, there were small amount of Methanomicrobium, Methanosaeta, and Methanimicrococcus in certain types.