| The experiments inducing and multiplicationg of anther callus, and differentiating of adventitious buds with four eggplant varieties (Lvguanqie(No.4), Jingxuanlvqie(No.6), Hangtianziguanwang(No.19) and New Jizachangqie 9 (No.29)) in anther culture phase were done to construct the system of relative complete anther culture of eggplant. The results are as follows:1 Absolute numerical value, including length of bud, diameter of bud, length of corolla, length of the base of sepal split, length of anther, color of bud, color of anther, degree of calyx cracking, and so on, only can be used for auxiliary indexes to determine the relation between external shape of buds and development stage of pollen. The relative reliable and direct means to judge the relation between external shape of buds and development stage of pollen are to utilize the difference value between length of corolla and length of the base of the sepal split, a relative numeric value. When length of corolla is smaller than length of the base of the sepal split, most pollen was at tetrad stage. When the difference value between length of corolla and length of the base of the sepal split is at 0~0.2cm, most pollen was at mononuclear advanced. When the difference value is more than 0.2cm, most pollen was at binuclear stage or mature.2 The high temperature pretreatment at 36℃for 6~8d to two tested varieties could obviously increase induction rate of callus, but No.4's response was relative slow, No.19's response was relative sensitive; The changed temperature pretreatment, low tempreture treatment at 4℃for 4d, then high tempreture treatment at 36℃for 4~8d, could obviously increase induction rate of callus too.3 Response of two tested varieties to different types of temperature pretreatment were different. To No.4, it could obviously shorten time of hige tempreture treatment to do short-term low temperature treatment, then high tempreture treatment. To No.19, the effect of changed temperature pretreatment was inferior to the effect of high temperature pretreatment.4 To two tested varieties,the best hormone combination to induce callus of anther was 0.2mg/L 2.4-D+0.5mg/L ZT. Under the best hormone combination, the induction rate of callus of two tested varietyes, No.6 and No.19, attained 19.77% and 36.10%. 5 Both inducing callus and inducing adventitious buds, induction rate in medium with ZT were obviously superior to in medium with KT. Especially in adventitious buds induction, induction rate in medium with KT all were 0, and four tested varieties had producted adventitious buds in medium with ZT. Especially to No.4, induction rate of adventitious buds of two mediums with ZT, No.3 and No.4, attained 62.5% and 20%. But to other varietyes, induction rate of adventitious buds still were not high, further study is needed to determine the best hormone combination.6 Genetype had great influence in eggplant anther isolated culture. In this experiment, response of several tested varieties to different temperature pretreatment mode and different hormone combination, including callus and inducing adventitious buds, showed in inducing rate, had great difference. To compare induction rate of callus of each tested varieties, induction rate of purple eggplant varieties, No.19 and No.29, were obviously superior to induction rate of green eggplant varieties, No.4 and No.6. Among them, No.19's induction rate of callus is highest and forming time of callus is earliest, and forming time of callus of other tested varietied are long relatively. In multiplication effect of callus, different genotypes showed very great difference, to No.4, rate of multiplication changed is highest, attained 38.8%, to No.19, of which inducing rate of callus is highest, rate of multiplication changed is lowest, only 9.52%. |
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