Study On Intensive Grafting Seedling Production Of Summer Squash,Bitter Gourd And Wax Gourd

Grafting can improve the yield and quality of crops by preventing soil borne diseases,overcoming continuous cropping obstacles and improving the disease resistance of crops.In recent years,the cultivated area of summer squash(Cucurbita pepo L.),bitter gourd(Momordica charantia L.)and wax gourd(Benincasa hispida(Thunb.)Cogn.)expands unceasingly,but the research of grafting seedling technology had a few reports.Therefore,the study had chosen different types of rootstocks and multiple varieties as scions,compared the affinity between rootstocks and scions,found out the optimal combination and suitable grafting method.On this basis,the research had explored the superiority of intensive grafted seedling in order to provide theoretical foundation for high efficient raising seedlings.The chief results are showed as follows:1.Among all treatments,the growth of squash scion varieties 'Dongyu' and 'Biyu' were better;the excellent scion varieties of bitter gourd were 'Ji'an' and 'Yunnan';'Heipi No.1'and 'Changhei' varieties were the better scion choice of wax gourd.In the comparison of infection rate and biological characters in rootstock varieties,the results showed that the two squash rootstock varieties 'Dawei squash' and 'Qingyan No.1' were better;the excellent rootstock varieties of bitter gourd were 'Dawei balsam' and 'Heizi';'Qingyan No.1' and'Jiuquan' varieties were the better scions choice of wax gourd.2.The better affinity combinations of squash were Dongyu'/'Heizi and 'Qingyan No.1/Biyu';The better affinity combinations of bitter gourd were 'Dawei balsam/Ji'an' and'Dawei balsam/Yunnan';The better affinity combinations of wax gourd were 'Qingyan No.1/Heipi No.1' and 'Jiuquan/Changhei'.3.Comparing peg graft and attach graft with inarch graft of bitter gourd,the result showed that attach graft method was best,and the survival rate of that was improved 4.9%,total healing days were reduced 45.5%and the yield improved 0.3%.Meanwhile,the two methods of peg graft and attach graft in summer squash can also reduce the total healing days and seedling days,and seedling index was improved significantly.The highest yield of the three graft methods in summer squash and bitter gourd was attach graft,and the yield improved 12.3%.4.The survival rate of summer squash used attach graft was better when the seeding time of rootstock was 5 days earlier than scion,meanwhile the cotyledon of scion was flat and the rootstock was at one leaf stage,the survival rate of that achieved to 93.9%.The survival rate of bitter gourd used attach graft was better when the seeding time of rootstock was 6 days earlier than scion,meanwhile the cotyledon of rootstock was flat and the size of first leaf was as big as a coin.Peg graft method used,the survival rate of wax gourd was highest when the seeding time of rootstock was 5 days earlier than scion,the survival rate of that improved 14.4%compared 4 days intermission5.The suitable temperature and humidity environment can significantly enhance the survival rate of grafting and seedling index.Humidity of 90%-95%maintained in 1-3 days after grafting,80%-85%maintained in 4-6 days and 70%-75%maintained in 7-9 days,the survival rate of wax gourd,summer squash and bitter gourd were above 90%and the seedling index was above 110.Meanwhile,day temperature of 24-28 ? and night temperature of 16-20? maintained in one week after grafting,the survival rate of wax gourd,summer squash and bitter gourd were above 90%and the seedling index was above 100.6.Intensive grafting seedling can significantly increase the yield of plants,and the yield of wax gourd,bitter gourd and summer squash were improved 12.3%and 10.3 respectively compared farmers cultivated seedling.Although the increasing rate of intensive seedling was not much more than grafting seedling,the yield of that were improved 8.9%,10.0%and 4.7%compared the control.