| The maternal effect is a research focus in animal science and food science field.The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the effects of dietary supplementation of female chickens with selenium(Se) and methionine(Met) continue into the next generation.450 Lang-shan breeding hens(dual-purpose type,an indigenous poultry breed of China) were obtained at 52 wk of age and randomly allotted to 1 of 9 treatments for 5 replicates of 10 birds each.The breeder hens were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet and supplemented with Se and Met for 30-day adapting period and 70-day experiment period.Se and Met levels in the diet of breeder hens were 0.13,0.43,0.73 mg Se/kg from Sel-Plex(0.1%) and 0.32%,0.40%and 0.54%of Met from DL-methionine (99%),respectively.200 eggs with uniform weight and size per treatment were collected and incubated,After incubation for 21 d,160 healthy chicks from the same female-parental group were randomly divided into 5 replicates.All the chicks were fed with the same diet. After 13 wk,2 female progeny each replicate were slaughtered.The left thigh was collected. The Se and glutathione(GSH) concentration,glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity in progeny thigh were determined.After the progeny thigh was cooked and storaged at 4℃for 6 h and 3 d,TBARS concentration,the content of volatile oxidative compounds,free fatty acids and phospholipid fatty acids were measured.Dietary supplementation of breeder hens with Se and Met both at the highest levels(0.73 mg Se/kg,0.54%Met) or the lowest levels(0.13mg Se/kg,0.32%Met) resulted in the most deposition of Se in progeny thigh of 13 wk(P＜0.05).GSH-Px activity of the thigh was reduced(P＜0.05) in offspring originating from the high-Se(0.73 mg/kg) hens compared with those from the control group,but this effect was significant only when the diet was provided with 0.54%of Met.GSH concentration in progeny thigh was not affected by maternal dietary Se levels(P＞0.05),but was elevated(P＜0.05) by 0.54%of Met.When the hens were fed with 0.54%of Met,feeding 0.73 mg Se/kg of diet to breeder hens resulted in a significant reduction(P＜0.05) in TBARS content of progeny thigh both at 6 h and 3 d. When breeder hens received the diet with 0.13 mg Se/kg,TBARS content of progeny thigh was elevated(P＜0.05) as a result of Met supplementation both at 6 h and 3 d.A significant interactive effect between maternal Se and Met on relative quantity of primary volatile oxidative compounds produced at the beginning of WOF was found (P＜0.05),but the main effect of either Se or Met was not significant(P＞0.05).Both the highest levels of Se and Met in breeder hens diets resulted in the lower content of total aldehyde,hexanal,1-pentanol,but the higher concentration of 2,3octanedione and 2-pentyl-furan in progeny thigh(P＜0.05).0.13mg Se/kg-0.32%of Met treatment was as effective as that of 0.73 mg Se/kg-0.54%of Met in inhibiting WOF development,and there was no difference between the two treatments(P＞0.05).There was no significant effects of maternal Se and Met supplementation on the content of volatile oxidative compounds produced at the later stage of WOF(P＜0.05).The relative quantity of volatile oxidative compounds as a result of WOF development was significantly influenced by the chilled storage time(P＜0.01).The contents of total aldehyde,total acids,hexanal,pentanal and 1-pentanol were found to negatively covary and decrease with increasing days of storage,while the relative quantities of total hydrocarbon,total ketone,octanal,nonanal, 1-octanol,2-octen-l-ol,1-octen-3-ol,2,3octanedione and 2-pentyl-furan increased with the storage time.0.54%of maternal dietary Met treatment exhibited the highest concentrations of flee fatty acids at 6 h(P＜0.05);the contents of myristic acid(C14:0),palmitoleic acid(C16:1), linolenic acid(C18:3) and docosahexaenoic acid(C22:6) at 6 h significantly increased as a result of maternal Se supplementation(P＜0.05);the interactive effect of Se and Met on the contents of free fatty acids at 6 h was not significant(P＞0.05).Basically,there were no significant effects of dietary Se and Met supplementation of breeder hens on the concentrations of free fatty acids at 3 d,phospholipid fatty acids both at 6 h and 3 d (P＞0.05).Free fatty acids and phospholipid fatty acids were all found to decrease with increasing days of storage(P＜0.01).The oxidative rates of phospholipid fatty acids were significantly higher than those of free fatty acids(P＜0.0001).The most decreased fatty acids from 6 h to 3 d both in free fatty acids and in phospholipid fatty acids were linolenic acid(C18:3),palmitoleic acid(C16:1) and myristic acid(C14:0).In conclusion,it was suggested that the effects of maternal Se and Met intake persist into the 13-wk-old offspring.Dietary supplementation with Se and Met of breeder hens resulted in the most Se deposition in and an effective protection against lipid oxidation and WOF of the progeny thigh.The results also indicated that the increase of protective ability against lipid oxidation and WOF of progeny thigh could be due to higher concentrations of GSH and other Met metabolites,not to GSH-Px activity.
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